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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Groundwater Research, Jun 6-8, 2000, Copenhagen, Denmark >Occurrence, transport and fate of MTBE in the subsurface
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Occurrence, transport and fate of MTBE in the subsurface

机译：地下MTBE的发生，运输和结局

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Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and related oxygenates are commonly added to gasoline in the United States (US) to reduce ozone formation and carbon monoxide emissions and to increase the octane level in fuel. MTBE use started in the late 1970's as an octane enhancer with the phase-out of tetraethyl lead from gasoline. However MTBE use in the US has increased dramatically since 1992, with the implementation of air pollution control laws that require the addition of oxygenates to gasoline sold in carbon monoxide (CO) nonattainment areas and nine large metropolitan areas with severe ozone (O_3) pollution. MTBE is the most common fuel oxygenate because of it's low cost, ease of production, high octane, lower evaporative emissions, and favorable transfer and blending characteristics. Low concentrations of MTBE (< 20 μg/L) may enter groundwater from both point and non-point sources. However higher MTBE concentrations (> 20 μg/L) typically are associated with point source releases from leaking storage tanks and pipelines. In monitoring studies by the US Geological Survey (Moran et al., 1999), MTBE was detectable (concentration > 0.2 μg/L) in ～ 5% of all wells sampled and in 27% of the wells sampled in urban areas with substantial MTBE use (>5% MTBE by volume in gasoline). High MTBE concentrations have also been observed in some drinking water supplies, causing the contaminated wells to be removed from service. The presence of MTBE in groundwater is a major concern because MTBE: (1) is very soluble; (2) does not substantially adsorb to aquifer material; (3) biodegrades slowly if at all; (4) has a very unpleasant taste and odor; and (5) is a known animal carcinogen and possible human carcinogen (NSTC, 1997).
机译：在美国（美国），通常将甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）和相关的含氧化合物添加到汽油中，以减少臭氧的形成和一氧化碳的排放，并提高燃料中的辛烷值。 MTBE于1970年代末开始用作辛烷值增强剂，并逐步淘汰了汽油中的四乙基铅。但是，自1992年以来，随着空气污染控制法律的实施，美国MTBE的使用已急剧增加，该法律要求在一氧化碳（CO）未达标地区和9个严重臭氧（O_3）污染的大都市地区出售的汽油中添加含氧化合物。 MTBE是最常见的燃料含氧化合物，因为它的成本低，易于生产，辛烷值高，蒸发排放量低以及良好的传递和混合特性。低浓度的MTBE（<20μg/ L）可能从点源和非点源进入地下水。但是，较高的MTBE浓度（> 20μg/ L）通常与泄漏的储罐和管道释放的点源有关。在美国地质调查局（Moran等，1999）的监测研究中，在约5％的所有采样井中以及在城市地区MTBE含量较高的27％的井中，可检测到MTBE（浓度> 0.2μg/ L）。使用（汽油中MTBE的体积> 5％）。在某些饮用水供应中也观察到了较高的MTBE浓度，导致受污染的井被撤出了使用。地下水中MTBE的存在是一个主要问题，因为MTBE：（1）非常易溶； （2）基本上不吸附到含水层材料上； （3）缓慢地生物降解； （4）具有非常不愉快的味道和气味； （5）是已知的动物致癌物和可能的人类致癌物（NSTC，1997）。

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