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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Livestock Services Proceedings >POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR MIXED FARMING SYSTEMSIN INDONESIA AND VIETNAM
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POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR MIXED FARMING SYSTEMSIN INDONESIA AND VIETNAM

机译：印度尼西亚和越南的混合农业系统的政策含义

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Systems analysis can provide understanding of future development of farming systems when the analysis concerns the system and the context. The goat and sheep production systems in Central Java are, except for imports of breeds for crossbreds, hardly affected by international markets. But the education of the children is quite dependent on ownership of goats and sheep. The security and savings function of small ruminants therefore determines the future opportunities of children in areas like the uplands, where poverty is a large problem. The analysis also showed that with focused policies like infrastructural improvement, marketing transparency and organization, credit facilities and economic extension farmers can earn a reasonable income from goats and do not need to relocate to urban centres. The IAA farms in the Vietnamese Mekong delta are participating in the national and international markets for rice, fruit and fish. The farmers are responding by specialization and by employment off-farm. The IAA farmers require extension support for understanding the marketing opportunities, for technical expertise for the components of intensification, for risk management and maintaining efficiency of resource management. Infrastractural improvements will remove constraints for farmers to sell for cash income. Farmers' organizations can play an important role in development. This aspect has not been highlighted in these studies. System analysis of the mixed crop-livestock system and its context provides important insights for potential development by identification of opportunities and constraints. Although rice production has maintained first priority for food security in Indonesia and in Vietnam the extra opportunities for cash income and security originate in livestock, fish and cash crops. Households profit with more cash income and livestock sales for education of their children. Government staff should take regional, national and international information and farmers'perceptions as the basis for their development policies. Risk assesment and environmental management have to be included in both the farm management and in the government policies. Interactive processes involving farmers, policy makers and systems researchers can result in innovative development.
机译：当系统分析涉及系统和环境时，系统分析可以提供对农业系统未来发展的理解。中爪哇省的山羊和绵羊生产系统，除了用于杂交的品种进口外，几乎不受国际市场的影响。但是对孩子的教育很大程度上取决于山羊和绵羊的所有权。因此，小反刍动物的安全和储蓄功能决定了像贫困山区那样的高地地区儿童的未来机会。分析还表明，通过基础设施改善，市场透明度和组织，信贷安排和经济推广等重点政策，农民可以从山羊身上获得合理的收入，而无需搬迁到城市中心。越南湄公河三角洲的IAA农场正在参与大米，水果和鱼类的国内和国际市场。农民通过专业化和非农就业来应对。 IAA农民需要扩展支持，以了解市场机会，集约化组成部分的技术专长，风险管理和维持资源管理的效率。基础设施的改善将消除农民出售现金收入的限制。农民组织可以在发展中发挥重要作用。在这些研究中没有强调这一方面。作物－畜牧混合系统及其背景的系统分析通过发现机会和制约因素，为潜在的发展提供了重要的见识。尽管稻米生产一直是印度尼西亚和越南粮食安全的重中之重，但现金收入和安全的额外机会却来自牲畜，鱼类和经济作物。家庭通过增加现金收入和牲畜销售来教育子女而获利。政府工作人员应将地区，国家和国际信息以及农民的看法作为其发展政策的基础。农场管理和政府政策都必须包括风险评估和环境管理。涉及农民，政策制定者和系统研究人员的互动过程可以促进创新发展。

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