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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Processing amp; Manufacturing of Advanced Materials Pt.5; Jul 7-11, 2003; Leganes, Madrid, Spain >Powder Metallurgy in Tooling - Theoretical Background, Material Production and Processing
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Powder Metallurgy in Tooling - Theoretical Background, Material Production and Processing

机译：工具中的粉末冶金-理论背景，材料生产和加工

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摘要

The ledeburitic steels are long ago known as promising materials for tool applications. Their development over last two centuries led to the widening of the scale of manufactured materials and partly also to the quality improvement. Nevertheless, some of unwanted phenomena, the macrosegregation in particular, are immanent for the classical ingot metallurgy and can not be entirely suppressed by this production way. These consequences, caused by the heterogeneous nucleation and slow cooling, were overcame only by the use of the rapid solidification for the material production. Compared to the as-cast ingots, rapidly solidified powder exhibits a considerable refinement of the microstructure and is free of macrosegregations. These symptoms remain in existence also after the consolidation that results in an excellent structure and properties of steel billets. After the heat treatment, the tools made from the P/M ledeburitic steels have the hardness ranging between 700 and 800 HV and can directly be used in an industry. In several cases, however, further improvement of some surface properties is needed. Plasma nitriding, PVD -layering or their combination known as duplex - coating is successfully applied for the surface processing of P/M ledeburitic steels.
机译：长期以来，利物浦的钢被认为是用于工具应用的有前途的材料。在过去的两个世纪中，它们的发展导致制造材料的规模扩大，并且在一定程度上提高了质量。然而，一些不希望的现象，特别是宏观偏析，对于经典的铸锭冶金是固有的，并且不能被这种生产方式完全抑制。由异质形核和缓慢冷却引起的这些后果只能通过使用快速凝固来生产材料来克服。与铸锭相比，快速凝固的粉末表现出相当大的微观结构细化，并且没有宏观偏析。这些症状在固结后仍然存在，从而导致钢坯具有出色的结构和性能。热处理后，由P / M硬陶粒钢制成的工具具有700至800 HV的硬度，可直接用于工业中。但是，在某些情况下，需要进一步改善某些表面性能。等离子体渗氮，PVD涂层或它们的组合称为双相涂层已成功应用于P / M褐煤钢的表面处理。

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