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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Sustainable Urbanization Strategies; 20031102-05; Weihai(CN) >Urban Catchment Management Pollution Control
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Urban Catchment Management Pollution Control

机译：城市集水管理与污染控制

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The evolution of human civilization and urbanization has been centered around catchment (watershed, river basins) areas. As evident from the archaeological ruins of the earlier civilizations, the decision makers and planners recognized the importance of catchment areas as the physical planning units for urban development. Availability of water in the neighborhood and protection of natural systems were the prime considerations for urban management. The traditional water harvesting structures and drainage systems still bear the testimony of catchment-oriented approach for settlement plans. However, in the post-industrial era, with the availability of electricity for long distance transport, the practice of catchment management has often been ignored. Over the years, cities in different parts of the World emerged as hubs of industry, trade and tourism in addition to the state and provincial capitals. With the increasing industrialization and transport network, the pace of urbanization has gained momentum. In the process, the urban centres have multiplied and small cities have grown in size while some of these cities have earned the distinction as mega cities. The cities, which were earlier created for specific functions and carrying capacities, are increasingly expected to meet the demands of multiple economic activities and growing population. The run-away growth in urbanization without commensurate backup infrastructure for civic amenities has taken its toll through increasing pollution. Pollution and associated problems are, to a great extent, attributable to lack of environmental considerations in planning and management of urban systems. The urban centres are confronted with various kinds of pollution, the nature and extent of which depend on the sources of pollution as well as physiographic conditions such as watershed and airshed. The present proper focuses on water pollution, which has a direct bearing on the urban catchment management.
机译：人类文明和城市化的发展一直集中在集水区（集水区，河流域）周围。从早期文明的考古遗迹可以明显看出，决策者和规划者认识到集水区作为城市发展的实际规划单位的重要性。城市管理的主要考虑因素是邻里的水供应和自然系统的保护。传统的集水结构和排水系统仍然具有以流域为导向的定居计划方法的证明。然而，在后工业时代，随着长途运输的电力供应，集水区管理的实践常常被忽略。多年来，除了州和省会城市之外，世界各地的城市也成为工业，贸易和旅游业的枢纽。随着工业化和交通网络的不断发展，城市化的步伐日益加快。在此过程中，城市中心成倍增长，小城市规模不断扩大，而其中一些城市已成为大城市。早些时候创建这些城市是为了实现特定的功能和承载能力，人们日益期望它们能够满足多种经济活动和人口增长的需求。城市化的急剧增长，而没有相应的公民设施后备基础设施，却因污染增加而蒙受了损失。污染和相关问题在很大程度上归因于城市系统的规划和管理中缺乏环境因素。城市中心面临着各种污染，其性质和程度取决于污染源以及诸如流域和流域之类的地理条件。目前的重点是水污染，这直接关系到城市集水区的管理。

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