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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Sustainable Urbanization Strategies; 20031102-05; Weihai(CN) >Sulabh Sanitation Technologies for Sustainable Urbanisation Strategies
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Sulabh Sanitation Technologies for Sustainable Urbanisation Strategies

机译：Sulabh卫生技术用于可持续城市化战略

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Indeed it is a matter of great pleasure for me that United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Nairobi and the Government of People's Republic of China have invited me to participate in this International Conference on Sustainable Urbanization Strategies. It is a great honour. Keeping in mind the objectives, output and results of the Conference I am presenting my experience in the field of sanitation of last 35 years in a case study manner. There are 2.4 billion people in the world who either have no organized system of sanitation or have access only to a noxious and unhygienic facility. The health implications for this state of affairs are appalling. Globally, 2.2 millions people die every year from diarrhoea! disease (including cholera) associated with contaminated water supply, sanitation and hygiene. The majority are children under the age of five in developing countries. Improved hygiene and sanitation help reduce sickness from diarrhoea considerably. In the Johannesburg Earth Summit 2002 emphasis has been given on provision of adequate sanitation to protect human health and the environment. In this respect it has been agreed to halve by the year 2015 the proportion of people who do not have access to basic sanitation, which would include actions at all levels to develop and implement efficient household sanitation systems, improve sanitation in public institutions, especially schools, promote affordable and socially and culturally acceptable technologies and practices, promote safe hygiene practices and integrate sanitation into water resources management strategies. One of the important questions is which half part of the population should be focused upon to provide sanitation first? Sanitation in rural areas is an urgent priority, simultaneously uncontrolled population growth in urban and peri-urban areas results in increase in slums where health & hygienic conditions are even worse than in the rural areas. In China, the average sanitation coverage is only 40% - urban sanitation coverage being 69% . The situation in India is more or less same, urban and rural sanitation coverage are 69% and 20% respectively. In India, out of the total population of 1027 million, according to 2001 census, about 736 million people lack basic sanitation facilities resulting into high mortality and morbidity and poor economic growth. One of the challenging problems of the country is to abolish the inhuman practice of manual scavenging. There are still more than 500,000 scavengers engaged in the demeaning practice of cleaning and carrying others human excreta from over 7 million bucket privies.
机译：的确，我感到非常高兴的是，联合国人类住区规划署，内罗毕和中华人民共和国政府邀请我参加了这次可持续城市化战略国际会议。这是一个伟大的荣誉。谨记会议的目标，成果和结果，我以案例研究的方式介绍我过去35年在卫生领域的经验。世界上有24亿人没有有组织的卫生系统或仅能使用有害和不卫生的设施。这种状况对健康的影响令人震惊。每年全球有220万人死于腹泻！与受污染的水供应，卫生和个人卫生有关的疾病（包括霍乱）。在发展中国家，大多数是五岁以下的儿童。改善的卫生条件可以大大减少腹泻所致的疾病。在2002年约翰内斯堡地球首脑会议上，重点是提供适当的卫生设施以保护人类健康和环境。在这方面，已商定到2015年将无法获得基本卫生设施的人口比例减半，其中包括在各级采取行动，以发展和实施有效的家庭卫生设施，改善公共机构，特别是学校的卫生设施，推广负担得起的，社会和文化上可接受的技术和做法，倡导安全的卫生习惯并将卫生设施纳入水资源管理策略。一个重要的问题是，应首先关注哪一半的人口提供卫生服务？农村地区的卫生工作是当务之急，同时城市和城市郊区人口的不受控制地增长导致贫民窟的增加，那里的卫生条件比农村地区还要差。在中国，平均卫生覆盖率仅为40％-城市卫生覆盖率为69％。印度的情况大致相同，城市和农村的卫生覆盖率分别为69％和20％。在印度，根据2001年的人口普查，在10.27亿总人口中，约7.36亿人缺乏基本的卫生设施，导致高死亡率和高发病率以及不良的经济增长。该国具有挑战性的问题之一是要消除不人道的手工扫帚做法。仍然有超过500,000名拾荒者从事卑鄙的行为，即从超过700万个桶中清理并运送其他人的粪便。

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