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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Wetlands amp; Remediation Salt Lake City, Utah, November 16-17, 1999 >Bioremediation of an experimental oil spill in a salt marsh
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Bioremediation of an experimental oil spill in a salt marsh

机译：盐沼中实验性溢油的生物修复

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An experimental oil spill field study was conducted in the Point Au Chien Wildlife Managemnet Area in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. The goal of the study was to monitor the natural attenuation and the effect of nutrient amendments on crude oil degradation kinetics in a salt marsh. Forty field plots arranged in a randomized block design were used in the study. The treatments were an unoiled control, crude oil alone, crude oil plus inorganic ammonium nitrate, and crude oil plus a slow-release Meister fertilizer. Concentrations of crude oil, porewater nitrogen and the associated oxygen demand of the marsh soil were measured over time. Oil biodegradation kinetics were determined using hopane ratios to calculate losses due to degradation only. Overall, the application of nitrogen had a nonstatistical effect on biodegradation kinetics. ONly a handful of alkanes demonstrated statistically more rapid biodegradation after nitrogen application when assessed using Bonferroni's test. When summed, the crude oil components degraded at the same rate in the oiled control (0.005 day~(-1)) when compared with nutrient amended treatments. A second objective was to understand oxygen dynamics in salt marshes after an oil spill. Oxygen demand in oiled and oiled/fertilized plots was greater than unoiled controls under both flooded and non-flooded conditions. This result suggests that aerobic biodegradation of crude oil is occurring and thus increasing oxygen demand. To confirm this, the relative importance of sulfate reduction as an oxygen sink was investigated using ~(35)SO_4~(2-) radiotracer techniques. Compared to unoiled controls, sulfate reduction rates were stimulated under oiled/fertilized conditions. Apportionment of oxygen demand (i.g., aerobic respiration and sulfate reduction) indicates that a significant portion of oxygen demand is due to aerobic biodegradation of crude oil. The conclusion was that natural attenuation of crude oil components was as effective as nitrogen amendments under field conditions.
机译：在路易斯安那州Terrebonne Parish的Point Au Chien野生动物管理区进行了一次实验性溢油现场研究。该研究的目的是监测盐沼中的自然衰减和营养补充剂对原油降解动力学的影响。该研究使用了以随机区组设计方式排列的四十个田地图。处理方法为不加油的对照，仅原油，原油加无机硝酸铵，原油加缓释迈斯特肥料。随着时间的推移，对沼泽地土壤的原油，孔隙水氮和相关的需氧量进行了测量。使用hop烷比确定油的生物降解动力学，以仅计算降解引起的损失。总体而言，氮的施用对生物降解动力学没有统计学影响。使用Bonferroni检验评估时，只有少数烷烃在施氮后表现出统计学上更快的生物降解速度。总的来说，与营养改良剂处理相比，含油对照中的原油成分以相同的速率降解（0.005天〜（-1））。第二个目标是了解漏油后盐沼中的氧气动力学。在水淹和非水淹条件下，上油和上油/施肥的地块的氧气需求都比未上油的对照要大。该结果表明，原油正在发生好氧生物降解，从而增加了氧气需求。为了证实这一点，使用〜（35）SO_4〜（2-）放射性示踪剂技术研究了硫酸盐还原作为氧沉的相对重要性。与未上油对照相比，在上油/受精条件下硫酸盐还原速率得到了提高。氧气需求量的分配（例如，有氧呼吸和硫酸盐还原）表明，氧气需求量的很大一部分是由于原油的需氧生物降解。结论是，在田间条件下，原油成分的自然衰减与氮改良剂一样有效。

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