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首页> 外文会议>International Landscape Architecture Symposium of China, Japan and Korea; 20051030-1101; Shanghai(CN) >The Natural Burial Grounds in the U.K. and the Public Nature of their Landscapes
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The Natural Burial Grounds in the U.K. and the Public Nature of their Landscapes

机译：英国的自然墓地及其景观的公共性

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摘要

The natural burial grounds are the burial grounds where environmental protection and conservation are regarded as the objective as important as burial activity. In NBGs, people use natural materials such as trees instead of traditional headstones, and the biodegradable coffins. In the U.K. there are over 140 such burials in operation in 2003. Although this alternative style of burials may provide the new links between the citizens' lives and the urban—suburban natural landscapes that have tended to be isolated from human activities, it may also be possible to regard an NBG as the action for the specific groups to enclose a natural landscape for their own purpose. Seven NBGs are surveyed and analyzed comparatively, regarding the programs for non-NBG-users and how their landscape management principles meet the public standards. As a result, four cases are found to have long—term visions regarding the landscapes sensitive to the external context. At the same time, it is commonly observed in these cases that either a specific environmental policy or a group with such policy was involved in the landscape management. It also became clear that there are at least two types of method currently applied as the means to provide opportunities for the public to appreciate the NBGs' landscape. One is the type where public-use programs open to the non-NBG-users of the burial grounds are introduced and the landscape is maintained so that it assist the program. The other type of method is to define a specific vision of the future landscape that meets the context of the local landscape so that the local walkers may appreciate it.
机译：天然墓地是将环境保护和保护作为与墓葬活动同样重要的目标的墓地。在NBG中，人们使用天然材料（例如树木）代替传统的墓石和可生物降解的棺材。在英国，2003年有超过140种此类墓葬在运作。尽管这种另类的墓葬形式可能为市民的生活与城市自然景观之间建立起新的联系，但这些自然景观往往与人类活动隔离开来，但也可能可以将NBG视为特定群体为自己目的封闭自然景观的行动。相对于非NBG用户的计划及其景观管理原则如何满足公共标准，对七个NBG进行了比较调查和分析。结果，发现有四个案例对有关外部环境敏感的景观具有长期远见。同时，在这些情况下，通常观察到景观管理涉及特定的环境政策或制定此类政策的团体。还很清楚，目前至少有两种类型的方法被用作为公众提供机会了解NBG的方式的手段。一种是引入向墓地的非NBG用户开放的公共用途程序的类型，并维护景观以帮助该程序。另一种类型的方法是定义满足当地景观环境的未来景观的特定愿景，以使本地步行者可以欣赏它。

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