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首页> 外文会议>International Nitrogen Conference; 20041012-16; Nanjing(CN) >NITROGEN BUDGET APPROACH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN BEEF CATTLE FARMING SYSTEM, SOUTHWESTERN HOKKAIDO, JAPAN
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NITROGEN BUDGET APPROACH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN BEEF CATTLE FARMING SYSTEM, SOUTHWESTERN HOKKAIDO, JAPAN

机译：日本北海道西南部牛群养殖系统中氮管理环境评价的氮预算方法

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摘要

Agricultural nitrogen (N) can be a significant source of environmental pollution. Development of nitrogen management strategies is required for minimizing N losses and increasing N use efficiency. We evaluated the effect of N management in a beef cattle farming system on the surrounding environments in 1998-2000, using N budget approach. Total input N into the farm was 109 kg N·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1), while total N shipment was 7.7 kg N·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1), therefore N use efficiency (shipment/input) was estimated as 0.07. Largest N input was chemical fertilizer (64 kg N-har'-yT1) which occupied 58% of total N input in the farm. Mean value of field surplus N was 58 kg N·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1), however, the surplus N among the fields varied from -5 to 131 kg N·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1). Total livestock excreta N was 85 kg N·ha~(-1)·yr·(-1), in which 34 kg N·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1) was produced as manure and residue was directly supplied to the fields during grazing. 76% of the manure was applied in autumn when plant growth was decreasing. Furthermore, the application of manure was unevenly conducted among the fields, which consequently increased the variability of surplus N among the fields. And also the high amount of surplus N would contribute to the stream N discharge during snowmelt season. These results generally suggest that it is important to consider timing and quantity of manure application for reduction of N pollution from livestock farm. It can contribute to reduce chemical fertilizer input without decreasing the production in fields. N budget approach would be a useful tool for environmental evaluation of N management in a farm.
机译：农业氮是环境污染的重要来源。需要开发氮管理策略以最小化氮损失并提高氮的利用效率。我们使用N预算法评估了1998-2000年肉牛养殖系统中氮素管理对周围环境的影响。农场的总氮输入量为109千克N·ha〜（-1）·yr〜（-1），而总N装运量为7.7千克N·ha〜（-1）·yr〜（-1），因此N使用效率（装运/投入）估计为0.07。氮输入量最大的是化肥（64 kg N-har'-yT1），占农场氮输入总量的58％。田间剩余氮的平均值为58 kg N·ha〜（-1）·yr〜（-1），而田间剩余氮的变化范围为-5至131 kg N·ha〜（-1）·yr 〜（-1）。牲畜粪便氮总量为85 kg N·ha〜（-1）·yr·（-1），其中产生的34 kg N·ha〜（-1）·yr〜（-1）为粪便，直接残留在放牧期间供应到田间。当植物生长下降时，秋季施用了76％的肥料。此外，在田间施肥不均匀，结果增加了田间剩余氮的变异性。而且，大量的剩余氮也会在融雪季节促进流N的排放。这些结果通常表明，重要的是要考虑施肥的时机和数量，以减少畜牧场的氮污染。它可以减少化学肥料的投入而不会降低田间产量。氮预算方法将是对农场氮管理进行环境评估的有用工具。

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