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首页> 外文会议>International Peat Congress; 20040606-11; Tampere(FI) >PEAT AND ITS ROLE IN SOLVING THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ISSUES
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PEAT AND ITS ROLE IN SOLVING THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ISSUES

机译：泥炭及其在解决环境保护问题中的作用

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摘要

Peat and products of its processing (fertilizer, ameliorants, sorbents, the ion-exchange materials) play important role in solving the decision of the environment protection problems. A degree of decomposition, botanical composition, ash content, acidity, moisture content, heat capacity and heat diffusivity determine structure of peat deposits and their role in the formation of biospheric processes at regional and interregional levels, and also influence an aqueous mode of territory, drain of the rivers, functioning of lacustrine -marsh complexes, gas composition of an atmosphere, display of local droughts and light frosts. At the scientifically proved approaches peat deposits due to hydraulic engineering and agro-chemical ameliorations can be transformed in fertile peat ground, which economic use differs by high performance at observance of certain means and rules of agro- techniques and hydro-amelioration. Complex technogenic processes take place in Polesye on the area about 6 million hectares due to ameliorative building and economic use of the drained grounds. In result the aqueous mode on the territory more than 3,5 million hectares has changed, that has resulted in essential transformation of a soil cover, specious composition of biodiversity and architecture of landscapes. A uniform ecological network of Polesye and action plan on its integration in the all-European ecological network is under development now. The peat soils degradation and ameliorated grounds desertification are connected linearly to the change of hydrophilicity of organic-mineral complexes, their modular composition, thermal and structural -mechanical characteristic.
机译：泥炭及其加工产品（肥料，改良剂，吸附剂，离子交换材料）在解决环保问题的决定中起着重要作用。分解程度，植物组成，灰分含量，酸度，水分含量，热容和热扩散率决定了泥炭沉积物的结构及其在区域和区域间水平形成生物圈过程中的作用，并且还影响着土壤的含水方式，河流的排水，湖泊-沼泽复合体的功能，大气的气体成分，局部干旱和轻霜的显示。在经过科学证明的方法下，可以在肥沃的泥炭地上转化因水利工程和农业化学改良而产生的泥炭沉积物，在遵守某些农业技术和水力改良方法和规则的情况下，其高性能在经济上有所不同。由于改善的建筑和对流失土地的经济利用，Polesye在约600万公顷的土地上进行了复杂的工艺过程。结果，该地区超过350万公顷的水力模式发生了变化，这导致了土壤覆被的根本转变，生物多样性的虚构组成和景观建筑。目前正在开发统一的Polesye生态网络及其整合到整个欧洲生态网络的行动计划。泥炭土壤的退化和土地荒漠化的改善与有机矿物复合物的亲水性，其模块组成，热力学和结构力学特征呈线性关系。

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