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首页> 外文会议>International Plant Nutrition Colloquium; 2005; Beijing >Management and fate of nitrogen fertilizer in a winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in the Northern China Plain
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Management and fate of nitrogen fertilizer in a winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in the Northern China Plain

机译：华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统中氮肥的管理和归宿

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A field experiment with a winter wheat/summer maize rotation was conducted in Beijing suburb from 1999 to 2002 to study the strategies which increase the efficiency of N fertilizer and reduce N losses. Three levels each of irrigation and N fertilizer application,and two levels of straw incorporation were made as factors in the experiment to compare farmers' practice with an optimized management system. The results showed that, during the 6 crop seasons, in the optimized production system a total amount of 397 kg N ha~(-1) and 958 mm irrigation water were applied in contrast to 1800 kg N ha~(-1) and 1153 mm irrigation water in the conventional production system. There was no significant difference in grain yield between the two production systems, thus, the N recovery and the water use efficiency in the optimized production system was significantly higher than in the conventional production system. The different straw treatments had no significant effect on grain yield within the experimental period. An apparent N loss of 967 kg N ha~(-1) was calculated for the conventional N treatment for three years. As a consequence of the lower application rate of N fertilizer in the optimized N treatment the apparent N loss was much lower (only 70 kg N ha~(-1)). From the N balance sheet it was concluded that soil NO_3~--N movement to deeper layers was one of the most important pathway of N loss in the winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in the Northern China Plain. Comparing conventional and optimized N-fertilization N_2O-fluxes could be reduced by 63%-74% in optimized treatments. The NH_3-N-losses after urea and ammonia bicarbonate (ABC) fertilizer application was 30% of the applied total N in the conventional N-fertilization treatment. In conclusion, in the optimized crop production system a high productivity could be maintained with less application of mineral N fertilizer and irrigation water and reduced N losses compared with the farmers' practice.
机译：1999年至2002年在北京郊区进行了冬小麦/夏玉米轮作的田间试验，以研究提高氮肥效率和减少氮素流失的策略。在试验中，将灌溉和氮肥的施用各分为三个层次，并将秸秆的掺入分为两个层次，以比较农民的做法和优化的管理制度。结果表明，在六个作物季节中，优化的生产系统总共施用了397 kg N ha〜（-1）和958 mm灌溉水，而1800 kg N ha〜（-1）和1153常规生产系统中的灌溉水。两个生产系统之间的谷物产量没有显着差异，因此，优化生产系统中的氮回收率和水分利用效率显着高于常规生产系统。在试验期内，不同的秸秆处理对籽粒产量无显着影响。对于常规的氮处理，计算了三年的表观氮损失967 kg N ha〜（-1）。由于在优化的氮肥处理中氮肥施用量较低，表观氮素损失要低得多（仅70 kg N ha〜（-1））。从氮素资产负债表可以得出结论，华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统中，土壤NO_3〜-N向深层移动是氮素流失的最重要途径之一。在优化处理中，常规氮肥和优化氮肥的比较可以减少63％-74％。在常规氮肥处理中，施用尿素和碳酸氢铵（ABC）肥料后的NH_3-N损失为施用的总氮的30％。总之，与农民的实践相比，在优化的农作物生产系统中，可以维持较高的生产力，而减少施用矿质氮肥和灌溉水，并减少氮素流失。

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