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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.1; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Soil and Water Management in the Production Systems of Mafa (Mandara Mountains, North-Cameroon)
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Soil and Water Management in the Production Systems of Mafa (Mandara Mountains, North-Cameroon)

机译：Mafa生产系统中的土壤和水管理（喀麦隆北部的曼达拉山）

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The terraces represent the physical structure the most spread in the area, the other physical structures are less represented and very localised in space. Moreover, this is a complementary between the physical structures and the biological or agronomic techniques. For exampld , a terrace plot can receive organic matter as well as it carries agroforestry species and different farming conservation techniques. On the other hand, the different techniques encountered are multifunctional : the terrace diminishes the soil loss reduces the runoff and increases the water infiltration; the mulching protects plants against predators, fights against erosion, evaporation and the runoff. All the techniques of soil and water conservation encountered utilise household man power. The head of household is at the centre of decision making concerning the techniques to use and the choice of site. There is a net division of family labour between the men and the women . In the past, the construction and rebuilding terraces were exclusively reserved to men. Today, it is the women who take care of terraces, rarely assisted by men. Up till recently, the farming system was almost entirely oriented towards family-level autonomous subsistence, supplying each household the wide variety of products needed for daily life. Recently, because of the need of cash and services, inciting increasing seasonal migration of mountaineers to work in town or agriculture elsewhere. The mountain farming system, however, needs many hands to remain viable.
机译：梯田代表了该地区分布最广泛的物理结构，其他物理结构的代表性较小，并且在空间上非常局限。此外，这是物理结构与生物学或农艺技术之间的补充。例如，梯田可以接收有机质，也可以种植农林业物种和不同的农业保护技术。另一方面，遇到的不同技术是多功能的：梯田减少了土壤流失，减少了径流并增加了水的渗透；地膜覆盖可以保护植物免受天敌，抵抗侵蚀，蒸发和径流。遇到的所有水土保持技术都利用家庭人力。户主是有关使用技术和选址的决策中心。男女之间有家庭劳动的净分工。过去，建造和重建露台专门供男性使用。今天，是女人们在露台上打理，很少有男人帮忙。直到最近，农业系统几乎完全面向家庭层面的自主生计，为每个家庭提供了日常生活所需的各种产品。最近，由于现金和服务的需求，促使登山者季节性迁移到城镇或其他地方的农业中去。然而，山区耕作制度需要很多人来维持。

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