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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.3; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Assessment of Environmental Impacts Derived of Soil and Water Conservation Practices
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Assessment of Environmental Impacts Derived of Soil and Water Conservation Practices

机译：水土保持措施对环境的影响评估

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The problems of soil and water degradation and derived effects are increasing throughout the world, partially due to a lack of appropriate identification and evaluation of the degradation processes and of the relations cause-effects of soil degradation for each specific situation, and the generalized use of empirical approaches to select soil and water conservation practices. A sound understanding of the actual and potential causes and processes of land degradation would prevent implementation of costly and non effective soil and water conservation projects and plans, and would lead to gradual and inexpensive changes leading to more sustainable forms of land use. The processes of soil erosion generally result on, or there are caused by unfavorable changes in the soil moisture regime, and in the possibilities of root development and activity. Besides surface erosion in gentle to moderate slopes, mass movements and landslide erosion are common in more steep slopes. The hydrological processes leading to surface or mass erosion are different, and therefore, soil conservation practices very appropriate for controlling surface erosion processes, like bench terraces, may increase erosion danger by mass movements under specific combinations of climate, soil and slope. Hydrological approaches would be essential to assess the effectivity of soil and water conservation practices to control or to cause unfavorable environmental impacts. Integrated with economic and land use data over time, using modeling, the generated information may be used in planning strategies for land use, and in the selection of soil and water conservation practices based on probabilities of success, levels of risk and long term sustainability.
机译：在世界范围内，土壤和水的退化和衍生效应的问题正在增加，部分原因是缺乏对退化过程以及每种具体情况下土壤退化的因果关系的适当识别和评估，以及对土壤退化的普遍使用的缺乏。选择水土保持措施的经验方法。对土地退化的实际和潜在原因及过程的透彻了解将阻止实施代价高昂且无效的水土保持项目和计划，并会导致逐步和廉价的变化，从而导致更可持续的土地利用形式。土壤侵蚀的过程通常是土壤水分状况的不利变化以及根系发育和活动的可能性所致，或者是由土壤水分状况的不利变化引起的。除了在中度到中度的斜坡上的表面侵蚀外，在更陡峭的斜坡上还普遍存在质量运动和滑坡侵蚀。导致地表或整体侵蚀的水文过程不同，因此，非常适合控制地表侵蚀过程的土壤养护实践（例如台阶）可能会由于在特定的气候，土壤和坡度组合下的质量运动而增加侵蚀的危险。水文方法对于评估水土保持措施对控制或造成不利环境影响的有效性至关重要。通过建模，将所产生的信息与时间上的经济和土地使用数据集成在一起，可用于规划土地使用的策略，以及基于成功的概率，风险水平和长期可持续性来选择水土保持措施。

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