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BIOMECHANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL LIMITS IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS

机译:艺术体操的生物力学和生物极限

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摘要

Artistic gymnastics increased excessively the difficulty of single elements and entire routines in the last decades. Biomechanical and biological factors related the performance enhancement indicate that the potential of the musculo-skeletal system seems to be close to the limits while the neural motor control systems have already achieved the ultimate tolerance limits. Strategies to ensure that the neural systems' stress stays below the critical limits are not well understood. A further increase of difficulty in the particular sport will increase the risk of failure of the biomechanical and biological systems. Acute and chronic severe tissue injuries are reported from male and female artistic gymnastics. In general mechanical loading of the musculoskeletal system is a prerequisite for morphological and functional adaptation of biological material. But there are indicators that stress and strain in artistic gymnastics increase to a level which exceed the mechanical limits of the individual structures. Artistic gymnastics seem to be close to the biomechanical and biological limits. A further increase of the difficulty in this sport and an increase of mechanical energy applied to the systems may lead to more frequent failures in both the biomechanical and the biological components.
机译:在过去的几十年中,艺术体操极大地增加了单个元素和整个程序的难度。与性能增强相关的生物力学和生物学因素表明,肌肉骨骼系统的潜力似乎已接近极限,而神经运动控制系统已经达到了极限公差极限。确保神经系统的压力保持在临界极限以下的策略尚未广为人知。在特定运动中难度的进一步增加将增加生物力学和生物系统失效的风险。据男性和女性艺术体操报道,急性和慢性严重组织损伤。通常,肌肉骨骼系统的机械负荷是生物材料形态和功能适应的前提。但是,有迹象表明,艺术体操中的压力和张力会增加到超过单个结构的机械极限的水平。艺术体操似乎已接近生物力学和生物极限。这项运动中难度的进一步增加以及施加于系统的机械能的增加可能导致生物力学和生物部件中更频繁的故障。

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