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首页> 外文会议>International Symposium on BMP(Best Management Practice) Technology in Urban Watersheds: Current and Future Directions; 20040628-0701; Salt Lake City,UT(US) >U.S. EPA's Urban Watershed Research Program in BMPs and Restoration for Water Quality Improvement
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U.S. EPA's Urban Watershed Research Program in BMPs and Restoration for Water Quality Improvement

机译：美国EPA的BMP和恢复水质改善的城市流域研究计划

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摘要

Urban land area in the U.S. more than quadrupled between 1945 and 1997, increasing from 15 to 64 million acres, primarily from conversion of land that was previously forested, pastured, and ranged (USDA, 2000). During this same period, paved road mileage nearly tripled (USEPA, 2000). This urbanization, with the accompanying expansion of impervious surfaces, significantly increased the nation's total amount of developed and paved surface area; reduced the amount of wetlands and other undeveloped land; and, decreased our watersheds' ability to mitigate floods, facilitate sediment replenishment, and protect water quality and aquatic health by removing excess nutrients and other chemical contaminants before runoff enters receiving waters. Urban development also causes changes in the hydrologic regime, which can result in habitat loss and other ecological impairments due to more frequent and longer bankful events, lower baseflows, and increased stream channel erosion (Roesner et al., 2001). Significant decreases in biotic measures of aquatic ecologic health also become apparent at low relative impervious areas (Center for Watershed Protection, 1994).
机译：在1945年至1997年期间，美国的城市土地面积增加了三倍多，从15英亩增加到6400万英亩，这主要是由先前森林，牧草和牧场的土地转化（美国农业部，2000年）所致。在同一时期，铺装的道路里程几乎增加了两倍（美国环保局，2000年）。这种城市化进程以及不透水表面的扩大，大大增加了该国已开发和铺设的地面总面积；减少湿地和其他未开发土地的数量；而且，在径流进入接收水之前，通过去除多余的养分和其他化学污染物，降低了我们的流域缓解洪灾，促进沉积物补充以及保护水质和水生健康的能力。城市发展还会引起水文状况的变化，由于更频繁，更长时间的河床事件，较低的基流和加剧的河道侵蚀，可能导致栖息地丧失和其他生态损害（Roesner等，2001）。在相对较低的不渗透地区，水生生态健康生物措施的显着减少也很明显（流域保护中心，1994）。

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