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Evaluation of a Personal Nephelometer for Human Exposure Monitoring

机译：用于人体暴露监测的个人浊度仪的评估

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Current particulate matter (PM) exposure studies are using continuous personalrnnephelometers (pDR-1000, MIE, Inc.) to measure human exposure to PM. The personalrnnephelometer is a passive sampler which uses light scattering technology to measurernparticles ranging in size from 0.1-10 μm using a light scattering technique, however, it isrnmore responsive to particles in the fine particle size range (0.3 – 2 μm). While the datarnfrom the nephelometer remain semi-quantitative, the instrument is very useful forrnidentifying activities and microenvironments that may significantly enhance humanrnexposure to PM. Based on the use of this instrument in the field, we recognize that it isrnimportant to identify activities or environments that may have an adverse effect on therninstrument’s response and subsequent data quality. We have tested the nephelometersrnresponse to sample vest fabric (cotton/polyester or nylon), sampler location on anrnindividual (shoulder vs. waist), and relative humidity. Repeated scripted activities whilernwearing a 50-50 cotton/polyester or a nylon vest indicated that significantly morernparticles (p < 0.01) were introduced by the cotton/polyester vest than the nylon vest. Thernlocation of the monitor was weakly significantly different (p < 0.1) for many commonrnactivities, and significantly higher particle readings were observed at the waist (p < 0.02)rnwhile sweeping. After being exposed to relative humidity levels ranging from 40% torn90% at 21℃ and from 40% to 60% relative humidity at 32℃, monitors equilibratedrnwith stationary monitors within 2 to 3 minutes. Recovery took 5 to 15 minutes at relativernhumidity ranging from 80% to 85% at 32℃. Some monitors had problems recoveringrnafter being exposed to 90% relative humidity (32℃). Although some activities appearedrnto affect the response of the nephelometer, they were easily identified and the overall datarnquality was not likely to be compromised.
机译：当前的颗粒物（PM）暴露研究正在使用连续式个人比浊仪（pDR-1000，MIE，Inc.）来测量人体对PM的暴露。个人浊度仪是一种被动采样器，它使用光散射技术通过光散射技术测量尺寸范围为0.1-10μm的颗粒，但是它对细粒度范围（0.3 – 2μm）的颗粒有更大的响应。虽然浊度计的数据仍是半定量的，但该仪器对于识别可能显着增强人体暴露于PM的活动和微环境非常有用。基于该仪器在现场的使用，我们认识到识别可能对仪器的响应和后续数据质量产生不利影响的活动或环境非常重要。我们已经测试了浊度计对样品背心织物（棉/涤纶或尼龙），样品在个人样品上的位置（肩对腰）和相对湿度的响应。穿着50-50棉/聚酯或尼龙背心时反复进行的脚本活动表明，棉/聚酯背心引入的颗粒比尼龙背心多得多（p <0.01）。在许多常见活动中，显示器的位置差异很小（p <0.1），在清扫时腰部的颗粒读数明显较高（p <0.02）。暴露于21℃下40％至90％的相对湿度和32℃下40％至60％的相对湿度后，监测仪在2至3分钟内与固定监测仪达到平衡。在32℃的相对湿度为80％至85％的情况下，恢复需要5至15分钟。某些显示器在暴露于90％相对湿度（32℃）下后无法恢复。尽管有些活动似乎会影响浊度计的响应，但很容易识别它们，并且总体数据质量不太可能受到损害。

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