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A Preliminary Evaluation of Models-3 CMAQ Using Visibility Parameters

机译：使用可见性参数对Model-3 CMAQ进行的初步评估

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Ambient air concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) continue to be a major concernrnfor the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. High concentrations of fine particles have beenrnlinked to detrimental health effects (including an increase in mortality) and visibility degradation.rnAccordingly, the Clean Air Act and Amendments of 1990 called for an assessment of current andrnfuture regulations designed to protect human health and welfare. The most reliable tools for carryingrnout such assessments are air quality models like EPA’s Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ),rnwhich simulates air concentrations and deposition of PM_(2.5) (along with other pollutants) and variousrnmeasures of visibility associated with specified levels of emissions. These simulations can be usedrnby EPA Program Offices and research laboratories to support both regulatory assessment andrnscientific studies on a myriad of spatial and temporal scales. This paper provides a preliminaryrnevaluation of CMAQ using a visibility parameter called the deciview. The evaluation comparesrndeciview values computed from visibility observations at 174 stations in the eastern half of the U.S.rnWith those simulated by the model for the 5-day period 11-15 July 1995. Visibility was selected forrnthis evaluation for two reasons: it can serve as a surrogate for PM_(2.5), for which little observationalrndata currently exist; and it has one of the most spatially and temporally comprehensive observationalrndata sets available. The evaluation revealed a reasonable level of representation as CMAQ capturedrnthe basic spatial and temporal patterns of visibility degradation including major gradients andrnmaxima/minima. The correlation coefficient between the observed and simulated deciviews for thernentire simulation period was 0.56 and ranged from 0.38 on 11 July to 0.70 on 13 July. The modelrngenerally under predicted the visibility degradation by 10 deciviews; however, much of thisrndiscrepancy can be attributed to artifacts associated with the observed data.
机译：细颗粒物（PM_（2.5））的环境空气浓度仍然是美国环境保护署的主要关注点。高浓度的细颗粒物已与有害的健康影响（包括死亡率增加）和能见度下降联系在一起。rn因此，1990年的《清洁空气法》和《修正案》要求评估旨在保护人类健康和福利的现行法规。进行此类评估的最可靠工具是空气质量模型，例如EPA的社区多尺度空气质量（CMAQ），该模型可模拟空气浓度和PM_（2.5）（以及其他污染物）的沉积以及各种与特定排放水平相关的能见度测量。 EPA计划办公室和研究实验室可以使用这些模拟来支持无数时空尺度上的监管评估和科学研究。本文使用称为deciview的可见性参数提供了对CMAQ的初步评估。该评估将1995年7月11日至15日这5天期间从美国东半部174个观测站的能见度观测值中计算出的rndeciview值与该模型模拟的值进行了比较。之所以选择此可见性是因为两个原因：替代PM_（2.5），目前该观测数据很少；它具有可用的最时空最全面的观测数据集之一。评估显示，由于CMAQ捕获了可见性下降的基本空间和时间模式（包括主要梯度和最大/最小），因此具有合理的代表性。整个模拟期间观测到的和模拟的相关系数之间的相关系数为0.56，范围从7月11日的0.38到7月13日的0.70。通常情况下，该模型预测能见度下降了10分贝；然而，这种差异很大一部分可归因于与观测数据相关的伪像。

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