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首页> 外文会议>International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores(ISNH-7); 20070917-22; Beijing(CN) >Opportunities to control herbivore nematodes through manipulation of the grazing environment
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Opportunities to control herbivore nematodes through manipulation of the grazing environment

机译：通过控制放牧环境来控制食草动物线虫的机会

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摘要

Gastrointestinal nematode parasitism constitutes the major challenge to the health, welfare and productivity of grazing ruminants. The development of nematode resistance to anthelmintics - the traditional means for their control - has forced us to consider alternative means for parasite control. Here we evaluate the opportunities for nematode control that arise from the manipulation of the ruminant host's nutrition. By definition, an increase in nutrient supply will enable hosts to direct extra nutrients towards the replacement of damaged tissues and allow them to produce in the presence of nematode challenge (resilience). Host nutrition can also shift endocrine settings in favour of immune responses and importantly, enhance their ability to deal with the parasites (resistance). The latter effect appears to be more targeted towards the acquired rather than the innate immune response. There are several instances where host (protein) nutrition appears to enhance the effectiveness of the immune response, by increasing or maintaining humoral and mainly cellular acquired immune responses. The same effects on host resistance and resilience can be achieved through the indirect effects of plant secondary components (PSC) on the digestive and metabolic processes of the host. However, PSC can also have direct, damaging effects upon the nematodes and thus directly reduce the nematode population resident in the host. Unfortunately, PSC may also have negative effects on the host itself. Such negative effects will have to be offset against the positive consequences that arise directly or indirectly from the effects of PSC on the parasites. We conclude that host nutrition can affect both the resistance and resilience of ruminant hosts exposed to parasites, through a number of routes. Exploitation of these effects should lead to a more holistic approach to the control of nematodes in ruminants, leading thus to a lower input from and reliance upon antiparasitic drugs in ruminant production systems.
机译：胃肠道线虫寄生对放牧反刍动物的健康，福利和生产力构成了重大挑战。线虫对驱虫药的抗药性（控制它们的传统方法）的发展迫使我们考虑使用其他方法来控制寄生虫。在这里，我们评估了操纵反刍动物宿主营养而产生的线虫控制机会。根据定义，养分供应的增加将使宿主能够将额外的养分引导到受损组织的替换上，并使它们在存在线虫攻击（恢复力）的情况下产生。宿主营养还可以改变内分泌环境，促进免疫反应，重要的是，增强其应对寄生虫的能力（抵抗力）。后者的效果似乎更倾向于获得性免疫，而不是先天性免疫应答。在一些情况下，宿主（蛋白质）营养似乎通过增加或维持体液和主要是细胞获得性免疫应答而增强了免疫应答的有效性。通过植物次要成分（PSC）对宿主消化和代谢过程的间接影响，可以实现对宿主抗性和复原力的相同作用。但是，PSC还可以对线虫产生直接的破坏作用，从而直接减少宿主体内的线虫种群。不幸的是，PSC可能还会对主机本身产生负面影响。这种负面影响必须与PSC对寄生虫的影响直接或间接产生的积极影响相抵消。我们得出结论，宿主营养可以通过多种途径影响暴露于寄生虫的反刍动物宿主的抗性和复原力。利用这些作用应导致更全面的方法来控制反刍动物中的线虫，从而降低反刍动物生产系统中对抗寄生虫药物的投入和依赖性。

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