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首页> 外文会议>International Yellow River Forum on Keeping Healthy Life of the River vol.1; 20051021-24; Zhengzhou(CN) >Water Conservation and Management for Healthy Life of Rivers in the Atrai and Baral Basins of Bangladesh
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Water Conservation and Management for Healthy Life of Rivers in the Atrai and Baral Basins of Bangladesh

机译：孟加拉国Atrai和Baral流域的河流健康养护与水管理

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摘要

The river system that flows through Bangladesh comprises the third largest source of fresh - water discharge in the world. Total flows of the three major rivers, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna only follow that of the Amazon in Brazil and the Congo in Africa. It is note worthy to mention here that 237 rivers are flowing through Bangladesh of which 57 from across the border. The annual volume of flows passed below the confluence of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra is about 795,000 cubic meters, which is equivalent to about 5.5 meters of depth over the country. On an average, the country receives annual rainfall of about 200 cm, almost 90% of it is during the monsoon. Therefore, with available annual water, a water body of about 7.5 meters depth will be over the country if accumulated and not flowing to the Bay of Bengal. But the country faces water shortage during November to May and is subject to flood every year due to uneven distribution of river flows and rainfall. Most of the Northwest and Southwest regions become dry especially during March to May. Rivers in these areas become dead during this part of the year and become alive with onset of monsoon. Rivers in the central area and eastern part of Bangladesh have better access to water due to tidal flows from the Bay of Bengal at least during high tides. In this paper, approaches have been suggested to keep rivers in Atrai and Baral basins (Fig. 1) alive for the whole year through improved management. This will further assist in incremental crop and fish production. Healthy rivers in Atrai and Baral basins will contribute to creation of water body through water conservation and management especially from the end of monsoon and will provide opportunities for groundwater recharge in the area. This may further contribute to expansion of irrigated area and minimizing level of arsenic contamination of groundwater. There will be better environment through increased vegetation and available water body during dry months (November to May). During June to October, all rivers in Bangladesh including those in the Atria and Baral basins have very healthy life and often cause flood. Flood problem is not covered in this paper as it involves bigger dimension of the problem, which is also required for overall improved agricultural production environment, safety of people and infrastructures. Development options for maintaining healthy life of the rivers and improved production environment through integrated land and water resources are explained in this paper for the Atrai and Baral river basins, which is part of the Northwest region of Bangladesh.
机译：流经孟加拉国的河流系统是世界上第三大淡水排放源。恒河，雅鲁藏布江和梅格纳这三大河流的总流量仅次于巴西的亚马逊河和非洲的刚果。值得一提的是，有237条河流流经孟加拉国，其中有57条来自边境。在恒河和雅鲁藏布江交汇处以下流过的年流量约为79.5万立方米，相当于全国约5.5米的深度。平均而言，该国年降雨量约为200厘米，几乎90％是在季风期间。因此，如果有可用的年度水，则如果积累并且不流向孟加拉湾，大约7.5米深的水体将遍布全国。但是该国在11月至5月期间面临水资源短缺，并且由于河流流量和降雨的不均匀分布，每年都遭受洪灾。西北和西南地区的大部分地区变得干燥，特别是在三月至五月期间。这些地区的河流在这一年的这一部分已经枯死，并且随着季风的爆发而变得活跃。孟加拉国中部和东部地区的河流至少在涨潮时由于来自孟加拉湾的潮汐流而更易于取水。在本文中，已经提出了通过改善管理措施使Atrai和Baral流域（图1）的河流全年存活的方法。这将进一步帮助增加作物和鱼类的产量。 Atrai和Baral流域的健康河流将通过节水和管理，特别是在季风结束时，为水体的形成做出贡献，并将为该地区的地下水补给提供机会。这可能进一步有助于扩大灌溉面积并使地下水的砷污染水平降至最低。在干旱月份（11月至5月），由于植被增加和可用水体增加，将会带来更好的环境。在6月至10月期间，孟加拉国的所有河流，包括阿特里亚河和巴拉河流域的河流，都过着非常健康的生活，并经常引发洪水。本文不涉及洪水问题，因为它涉及问题的更大范围，这也是全面改善农业生产环境，人员安全和基础设施所必需的。本文为孟加拉西北部地区的阿特拉伊和巴拉河流域解释了通过综合土地和水资源来维持河流健康生活和改善生产环境的发展选择。

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