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首页> 外文会议>ISA EXPO 2009 >CLOSED LOOP TUNING: METHODOLOGY, TOOLS, BENEFITS AND COMMON MISTAKES
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CLOSED LOOP TUNING: METHODOLOGY, TOOLS, BENEFITS AND COMMON MISTAKES

机译：闭环调整：方法论，工具，收益和常见错误

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摘要

Traditional methodology for optimizing and tuning PID loops (excluding 'trial-and-error') rely on 'open-loop' tests, whereby the loop is placed in manual mode and the controller output is moved, usually in a step-wise fashion. The issues with this 'step' test are numerous, primarily that the test will disturb the process. This is especially true for slow processes such as temperature, where a seemingly small output move could result in a large process change that can have serious consequences. Other open-loop tests can be used, such as so-called pulse and double-pulse tests, in conjunction with software tools. A double pulse test, when executed properly, can help move a process variable back toward setpoint and shorten the test time. A single pulse test does not offer this advantage, but shares the benefit of directing the process variable back to the original value before it deviates too far from normal conditions.rnThe issues with 'pulse' tests are fewer than with 'step' tests but still exist. These tests will disturb the process. The loop must also be closely monitored while in manual mode. The complexity of the double pulse test requires additional skills. Because of these problems and the lack of skills, many people resort to 'trial-and-error', whereby the tuning values are changed, and the response to a setpoint step observed. This process is repeated again and again until the response is satisfactory. Should one think clearly about this, they would agree that repeated setpoint step changes while testing tuning values are potentially more disruptive than a few output pulse changes made in manual mode. There are now tools and methods that enable one to safely optimize and tune PID loops in closed loop mode. Some of these tools can generate and send small, rapid setpoint changes to the controller, independently of any operator intervention. With the right understanding of these tools, it is now possible to optimally tune every PID loop in a plant with minimal time and risk. If planned correctly, process control personnel will define the boundaries and conditions and the tests will be done during night shifts or at any moment. Later, the process control engineer will analyze the results and decide on tuning objectives; software will calculate tuning parameters. Optimizing processes and tuning loops without spending hours in the control room reduces not only the resources needed but also production losses and the attention of operators.rnThis paper will discuss how these new tools may work in closed loop tuning mode, when and how they can be used, when they may fail, and the mistakes people may make when using them.
机译：用于优化和调整PID回路（不包括“试验和错误”）的传统方法依赖于“开环”测试，从而将回路置于手动模式下，并且通常以逐步方式移动控制器输出。此“步骤”测试的问题很多，主要是因为该测试会干扰过程。对于缓慢的过程（例如温度）尤其如此，其中看似很小的输出移动可能会导致较大的过程变化，从而产生严重的后果。可以结合软件工具使用其他开环测试，例如所谓的脉冲和双脉冲测试。如果正确执行双脉冲测试，则可以帮助将过程变量移回设定点并缩短测试时间。单脉冲测试不具备此优势，但具有将过程变量偏离正常值之前将其引导回原始值的好处。rn“脉冲”测试的问题比“步进”测试少，但仍然存在。这些测试将干扰该过程。在手动模式下，还必须严密监视环路。双脉冲测试的复杂性需要其他技能。由于这些问题和缺乏技能，许多人诉诸于“试错法”，从而改变了调节值，并观察到对设定值阶跃的响应。一次又一次地重复该过程，直到响应令人满意为止。应该清楚地考虑这一点，他们会同意，在测试调整值时重复进行设定值阶跃变化可能比手动模式下的一些输出脉冲变化更具破坏性。现在有工具和方法使人们能够在闭环模式下安全地优化和调整PID环路。其中一些工具可以独立于任何操作员干预而生成并向控制器发送快速的小设定值更改并将其发送给控制器。通过正确理解这些工具，现在可以用最少的时间和风险来优化工厂中的每个PID回路。如果计划正确，过程控制人员将定义边界和条件，并且将在夜班期间或任何时候进行测试。稍后，过程控制工程师将分析结果并确定调整目标。软件将计算调整参数。无需在控制室中花费数小时即可优化过程和调整回路，不仅减少了所需的资源，而且减少了生产损失和操作员的注意力。本文将讨论这些新工具如何在闭环调整模式下工作，何时以及如何工作。可能会失败，以及人们使用它们时可能会犯的错误。

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