• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文会议>JIRCAS Working Report no.37; Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS) Workshop on Collaborative Research for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat and Barley(CRFHBR 2004); 20040210-11; Tsukuba(JP) >New germplasm Development and Wheat Breeding for Scab Resistance in China
【24h】

New germplasm Development and Wheat Breeding for Scab Resistance in China

机译：中国抗赤霉病的新种质开发和小麦育种

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Wheat is the second crop in China with a growing area around 30 million hectares. Wheat scab is one of the main serious diseases in Southern winter and Northeastern spring wheat growing areas of China, and affects more than seven million hectares. In general, it occurs every two to three years, causing a yield loss of 10-20 %. In recent years, the atteched area has been expanding from the Middle and Lower Valleys of the Yangtze River to Yellow and Huai Valley due to the increase of rice-wheat or maize-wheat rotation, non-tillage system and global warmer climate. Year 2003 was a year of severs wheat scab epidemic in China. The diseased spikes were 50-80 %, diseased spikelets were 15-30 % and yield loss was 20-30 % on average for moderate resistant and moderate susceptible varieties in the Middle and Lower Valleys of the Yangtze River. The dominant head blight pathogen in China is Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. 18 species or varieties of Fusarium were identified from 2,450 specimens collected from 21 provinces of China, in which F. graminearum comprised 94.5 %. Though no specific variety response has been found, some pathogen isolates collected from Southern China showed high virulence (Xu and Fan 1982, Wang et al.1985). Scab resistance of common wheat is considered to be quantitatively inherited and controlled by several major genes and some modified genes. Wheat scab resistance has been divided into four to five types: i.e. Type Ⅰ (resistant to infection), Type Ⅱ (resistant to spread), Type Ⅲ (degrade deoxynivalenol (DON)) and type Ⅳ (tolerant to yield loss). Chinese scientists have developed screening methods for the evaluation of wheat scab resistance: Soil face inoculation using diseased seeds, single floret inoculation using pathogen spores. Natural field screening in wheat growing ares in multiple locations and multiple years have also been proved to be necessary for wheat scab identification. Wet and warm weather from heading to maturity stage may result in the increase of scab severity. Although drainage improvement, humidity reduction in the field and fungicide application can reduce scab severity to a certain extent, development and utilization of disease resistant varieties is the most economical and efficient approach for wheat scab control.
机译：小麦是中国的第二大作物，种植面积约为3000万公顷。小麦黑星病是中国南部冬季和东北春季小麦产区的主要严重疾病之一，影响面积超过700万公顷。通常，它每两到三年发生一次，导致产量损失10-20％。近年来，由于稻麦或玉米小麦轮作的增加，免耕系统和全球气候变暖，高科技领域已从长江中下游地区扩展到黄河谷和淮河谷。 2003年是中国小麦赤霉病流行的一年。长江中下游地区中度抗病和中度易感品种的病穗平均病害率为50-80％，病穗率为15-30％，产量损失平均为20-30％。中国主要的枯萎病病原体是禾谷镰刀菌。从中国21个省份采集的2,450个标本中鉴定出18种镰刀菌，其中禾本科镰刀菌占94.5％。尽管没有发现具体的变种反应，但从中国南方收集到的一些病原体却显示出高毒力（Xu and Fan 1982，Wang et al.1985）。普通小麦的抗ab疮病被认为是由几个主要基因和一些修饰基因定量遗传和控制的。小麦sc病的抗性分为四到五种类型：即Ⅰ型（抗感染），Ⅱ型（抗传播），Ⅲ型（降解脱氧雪腐烯醇（DON））和Ⅳ型（耐受产量损失）。中国科学家已经开发出评估小麦黑星病抗性的筛选方法：用病种接种土壤表面，用病原体孢子接种小花。事实证明，在多个地点和多个年份的小麦生长场中进行自然田间筛选对于鉴定小麦sc是必要的。从抽穗到成熟期的湿热天气可能会导致结sc严重程度增加。尽管改善排水系统，减少田间湿度和使用杀真菌剂可以在一定程度上降低结ab病的严重性，但抗病品种的开发和利用是控制小麦结most病最经济有效的方法。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号