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首页> 外文会议>Journal of Organ Dysfunction: ISRD 2007 Abstract Book >Acute Lung Injury (ALI) caused by reactive Chemicals in Animal Models: Diagnosis and Intervention
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Acute Lung Injury (ALI) caused by reactive Chemicals in Animal Models: Diagnosis and Intervention

机译：动物模型中反应性化学物质引起的急性肺损伤（ALI）：诊断和干预

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The types of acute lung injury (ALI) found in experimental animal models resemble remarkably well the key findings observed in accidentally exposed humans. However, generalization is often difficult as the site of injury and associated long-term sequelae are highly dependent on chemical-specific properties which include reactivity, water solubility and whether exposure is to a vapor or aerosol. Controlled acute inhalation studies in rats demonstrate that airway irritants cause a more lingering type of chronic obliterating bronchiolitis with/without tissue remodeling, whilst alveolar irritants are often associated with an life-threatening acute lung edema of rapid reversibility. Mechanistically-based countermeasures to mitigate alveolar edema following acute exposures to phosgene gas have been investigated in rats. Different treatment strategies were attempted following exposure; where feasible drugs were administered by nose-only inhalation, by intratracheal instillation or intraperitoneal injections. Neither treatment with dexamethasone, N- acetylcysteine, -tocopherol with or without ibuprofen favorably effected mortality. However, beneficial effects due to sedation were noticeable. Inadvertently imposed additional stresses required to administer these drugs post-phosgene exposure exacerbated dramatically the toxic response to phosgene. Thus, it appears as if factors reducing stress-related increases in hydrodynamic forces mitigate acute alveolar edema. These results caution against indiscriminant ad hoc use of drugs in the management of inhalational pulmonary injury.
机译：在实验动物模型中发现的急性肺损伤（ALI）类型与在意外暴露的人类中观察到的关键发现非常相似。然而，由于损伤部位和相关的长期后遗症高度依赖于化学特异性，包括反应性，水溶性和是否暴露于蒸气或气溶胶，因此泛化通常很困难。在大鼠中进行的对照急性吸入研究表明，气道刺激物引起的慢性闭塞性细支气管炎类型更为持久，有/没有组织重塑，而肺泡刺激物通常与威胁生命的快速可逆性急性水肿有关。在大鼠中研究了基于机械的缓解轻度暴露于光气后的肺泡水肿的对策。接触后尝试了不同的治疗策略；在可行的情况下，仅通过鼻子吸入，气管内滴注或腹膜内注射给药。地塞米松，N-乙酰半胱氨酸，β-生育酚联合或不联合布洛芬的治疗均未对死亡率产生有利影响。然而，由于镇静作用而产生的有益作用是显而易见的。在光气暴露后不经意地施加了管理这些药物所需的额外压力，大大加剧了对光气的毒性反应。因此，似乎减少与压力有关的流体动力增加的因素似乎减轻了急性肺泡水肿。这些结果提示不要在吸入性肺损伤的治疗中随意滥用药物。

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