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Welding with Brilliant Lasers: Prospects and Limitations

机译：出色的激光焊接：前景与局限

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摘要

Now that high brightness laser sources featuring high output power are commercially available, extremely small focal diameters and high power densities permit laser welding with a high aspect ratio at low heat input. With regard to an increase in productivity this implies a deeper weld depth at a higher feed rate and hence at a shorter processing time. In this research, a modular optical system generates focal diameters from 195 μm down to 15 μm for the purpose of identifying the prospects and limitations of the application of high brightness beam sources in laser welding. Metallographical analysis and observation using a high speed camera give information about the weld seam geometry and weld pool dynamics. Thus, the influence of minimizing focal diameters on process stability is evaluated: From the correlation of longitudinal cross-sections and high speed camera observation, an interrelationship between spiking and keyhole breakdown results. In dependence of the particular spot size and the beam quality of the laser source a new processing range arises. These observations are traced back to theoretical beam properties and a fundamental thesis about the applicability of a high brightness laser is derived. Eventually it shows that a small beam diameter is most advantageous for micro application.
机译：现在，具有高输出功率的高亮度激光源已经可以在市场上买到，极小的焦距直径和高功率密度允许在低热量输入下以高纵横比进行激光焊接。关于生产率的提高，这意味着在较高的进给速度下，因此在较短的加工时间下，焊接深度会更深。在这项研究中，模块化光学系统产生从195μm到15μm的焦距，目的是确定在激光焊接中应用高亮度光束源的前景和局限性。使用高速摄像机进行金相分析和观察可提供有关焊缝几何形状和焊缝动力学的信息。因此，评估了最小焦距对工艺稳定性的影响：从纵向横截面的相关性和高速相机观察的结果来看，尖峰和锁孔破裂之间存在相互关系。取决于特定的光斑尺寸和激光源的光束质量，出现了新的加工范围。这些观察可追溯到理论光束特性，并得出有关高亮度激光器适用性的基本理论。最终表明，较小的光束直径对于微应用最为有利。

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