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Smart laser micro-welding of difficult-to-weld materials for electronic industry

机译：电子行业难焊接材料的智能激光微焊接

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摘要

It has been known that wavelength, power density, interaction time and material properties have great influence on processing characteristics in laser material processing, in which materials with higher reflectivity classify into difficult-to-weld materials. In electronic industry, aluminum alloy is widely used as structural components due to its high specific strength, and copper became an important material because of its excellent electrical conductivity. These materials have high reflectivity and high thermal conductivity, which results in instability of energy absorption and processing results. Therefore, welding defects might be noticed in the micro-joining of aluminum alloy and copper. In this paper, the smart laser micro-welding of difficult-to-weld materials such as aluminum alloy and copper were discussed. The combination of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and a continuous diode laser could perform high-performance micro-welding of aluminum alloy. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was absorbed effectively from the beginning of laser scanning by pre-heating Nd:YAG laser pulse with the superposition of continuous diode laser, and wide and deep weld bead could be obtained with better surface integrity. As for micro-welding of copper material, stable absorption state could be achieved using a pulsed green Nd:YAG laser, since its absorptivity showed almost constant values with change of power density. A longer pulse duration was effective to achieve not only high absorptivity but also low deviation of absorptivity. The pulse waveform with maximum peak at the early period and a long pulse duration led to stabilizing the penetration depth with less porosity.
机译：众所周知，波长，功率密度，相互作用时间和材料特性对激光材料加工中的加工特性有很大的影响，其中具有较高反射率的材料分类为难焊接材料。在电子工业中，铝合金由于具有较高的比强度而被广泛用作结构部件，而铜由于其优异的导电性而成为重要的材料。这些材料具有高反射率和高导热率，这导致能量吸收和处理结果的不稳定。因此，在铝合金和铜的微连接中可能会发现焊接缺陷。本文讨论了铝合金和铜等难焊接材料的智能激光微焊接。脉冲Nd：YAG激光器和连续二极管激光器的组合可以执行铝合金的高性能微焊接。从激光扫描开始，通过将Nd：YAG激光脉冲与连续的二极管激光器叠加预热，可以有效吸收脉冲Nd：YAG激光，可以获得宽而深的焊缝，并具有更好的表面完整性。对于铜材料的微焊接，使用脉冲绿色Nd：YAG激光可以实现稳定的吸收状态，因为其吸收率随功率密度的变化显示出几乎恒定的值。较长的脉冲持续时间不仅有效实现了高吸收率，而且还实现了低吸收率偏差。在早期具有最大峰值并具有长脉冲持续时间的脉冲波形导致以较小的孔隙率稳定穿透深度。

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