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Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing: A route towards confined nonlinear materials processing

机译：同时进行时空聚焦：通往有限非线性材料加工的途径

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摘要

Ultrashort pulse lasers enable reliable and versatile high precision ablation and surface processing of various materials such as metals, polymers and semiconductors. However, when modifications deep inside the bulk of transparent media are required, nonlinear pulse material interactions can decrease the precision, since weak focusing and the long propagation of the intense pulses within the nonlinear media may induce Kerr self-focusing, filamentation and white light generation. In order to improve the precision of those modifications, simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) allows to reduce detrimental nonlinear interactions, because the ultrashort pulse duration is only obtained at the focus, while outside of the focal region the continuously increasing pulse duration strongly reduces the pulse intensity. In this paper, we review the fundamental concepts of this technology and provide an overview of its applications for purposes of multiphoton microscopy and laser materials processing. Moreover, numerical simulations on the nonlinear pulse propagation within transparent media illustrate the linear and nonlinear pulse propagation, highlighting the differences between conventional focusing and SSTF. Finally, fs-laser induced modifications in gelatine are presented to compare nonlinear side-effects caused by conventional focusing and SSTF. With conventional focusing the complex interplay of self-focusing and filamentation induces strongly inhomogeneous, elongated disruptions. In contrast, disruptions induced by SSTF are homogeneously located at the focal plane and reduced in length by a factor >2, which is in excellent agreement with the numerical simulations of the nonlinear pulse propagation and might favor SSTF for demanding applications such as intraocular fs-laser surgery.
机译：超短脉冲激光器可对各种材料（例如金属，聚合物和半导体）进行可靠且通用的高精度烧蚀和表面处理。但是，当需要在大量透明介质内部进行深层修改时，非线性脉冲材料之间的相互作用会降低精度，因为弱聚焦和强脉冲在非线性介质中的长时间传播可能会引起Kerr自聚焦，细丝化和白光生成。为了提高这些修改的精度，同时进行空间和时间聚焦（SSTF）可以减少有害的非线性相互作用，因为仅在焦点处可获得超短脉冲持续时间，而在焦点区域之外，连续增加的脉冲持续时间会大大减小脉冲强度。在本文中，我们回顾了该技术的基本概念，并概述了其在多光子显微镜和激光材料加工中的应用。此外，在透明介质中非线性脉冲传播的数值模拟说明了线性和非线性脉冲传播，突出了常规聚焦和SSTF之间的差异。最后，介绍了由fs激光诱导的明胶修饰，以比较常规聚焦和SSTF引起的非线性副作用。在常规聚焦下，自聚焦和丝状化的复杂相互作用会引起强烈的不均匀，延长的破坏。相比之下，由SSTF引起的干扰均匀地位于焦平面处，并且长度减少了> 2倍，这与非线性脉冲传播的数值模拟非常吻合，并且对于要求苛刻的应用（例如眼内fs-激光手术。

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  • 来源
    《Laser-based micro- and nanoprocessing X》|2016年|97360T.1-97360T.10|共10页
  • 会议地点 San Francisco CA(US)
  • 作者

    Robert Kammel; Klaus Bergner; Jens U. Thomas; Roland Ackermann; Stefan Skupin; Stefan Nolte;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Universite de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, Centre Lasers Inenses et Applications, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France;

    Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany,Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 7, 07745 Jena, Germany;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing; femtosecond laser materials processing; laser-induced optical breakdown; Kerr self-focusing; filamentation; femtosecond laser surgery;

    机译：同时进行时空聚焦；飞秒激光材料加工；激光引起的光击穿；克尔自我聚焦；细丝飞秒激光手术;

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