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Surface Separation Investigation of Ultrafast Pulsed Laser Welding

机译：超快脉冲激光焊接的表面分离研究

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Techniques for joining materials, especially optical materials such as glass to structural materials such as metals, or to other optical materials, while maintaining their surface and optical properties are essential for a wide range of industrial applications. Adhesive bonding is commonly used but leads to many issues including optical surface contamination and outgassing. It is possible to generate welds using an ultra-short pulsed laser process, whereby two flat material surfaces are brought into close contact and the laser is focused through the optical material onto the interface. Highly localised melting and rapid resolidification form a strong bond between the two surfaces whilst avoiding significant heating of the surrounding material, which is important for joining materials with different thermal expansion coefficients. Previous reports on ultrafast laser welding have identified a requirement for the surface separation gap to be less than 500nm in order to avoid cracking or ablation at the interface. We have investigated techniques for increasing this gap (to reduce weld fit-up problems), and tested by bonding two surfaces with a weld-controlled gap. These gaps were generated either by a series of etched grooves on the surface of one of the substrates, or by using a cylindrical lens as a substrate. By careful optimisation of parameters such as laser power, process speed and focal position, we were able to demonstrate successful welding with a gap of up to 3um.
机译：在广泛的工业应用中，将材料（尤其是玻璃等光学材料）与结构材料（例如金属）或其他光学材料结合在一起，同时保持其表面和光学特性的技术是必不可少的。通常使用粘合剂粘合，但会导致许多问题，包括光学表面污染和除气。可以使用超短脉冲激光工艺进行焊接，从而使两个平坦的材料表面紧密接触，并使激光通过光学材料聚焦到界面上。高度局部的熔化和快速的重新凝固在两个表面之间形成了牢固的结合，同时避免了周围材料的明显加热，这对于连接具有不同热膨胀系数的材料非常重要。关于超快激光焊接的先前报道已经确定了对表面分离间隙的要求小于500nm，以避免在界面处破裂或烧蚀。我们已经研究了增加间隙的技术（以减少焊接装配问题），并通过将两个表面与焊接控制间隙粘合在一起进行了测试。这些间隙是由一个基板表面上的一系列蚀刻凹槽产生的，或者是通过使用圆柱透镜作为基板而产生的。通过仔细优化诸如激光功率，加工速度和焦点位置等参数，我们能够证明成功焊接的间隙最大为3um。

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