Abstract: Cryogen spray cooling of the tissue surface was investigated for laser welding applications. Benefits include reduced thermal damage to the papillary dermis and reduced operation time. Two-cm-long, full-thickness incisions were made on the backs of guinea pigs, in vivo. India ink was used as an absorber and clamps were used to appose the incision edges. Continuous-wave, 1.06-$mu@m, Nd:YAG laser radiation was scanned over the incisions, producing approximately 100 ms pulses. A 4-mm-diameter laser spot was used with a constant power of 16 W. The total operation time was 60 or 120 s. Cryogen was delivered in spurt durations of 20, 60, or 100 ms, with 2 or 4 s between spurts. The working distance was approximately 12 cm, and the spray covered an area of about 5.0 $MUL 5.0 cm. Control welds were irradiated for 20, 40, or 60 s. Total operation times were reduced from 10 min without dynamic cooling to 1 min with dynamic cooling. Optimal tensile strength was 1.7 $POM 0.7 kg/cm$+2$/ reported in previous studies without cryogen cooling. Thermal damage in the papillary dermis measured 320 $POM 80 $mu@m. !19
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机译：摘要：研究了冷冻剂对组织表面的喷雾冷却，以用于激光焊接应用。好处包括减少对乳头状真皮的热损伤和减少手术时间。在豚鼠的体内进行了两厘米长的全厚度切口。使用印度墨水作为吸收剂，并使用夹具固定切口边缘。在切口上扫描连续波1.06-μmNd：YAG激光辐射，产生约100 ms的脉冲。使用直径为4毫米的激光光斑，恒定功率为16W。总操作时间为60或120 s。冷冻剂的喷射持续时间为20、60或100毫秒，两次喷射之间间隔2或4 s。工作距离约为12厘米，喷雾覆盖的面积约为5.0毫米5.0厘米。对照焊缝辐射20、40或60 s。总操作时间从无动态冷却的10分钟减少到动态冷却的1分钟。在没有冷冻剂冷却的先前研究中，最佳抗张强度为1.7 $ POM 0.7 kg / cm $ + 2 $ /。乳头状真皮的热损伤为320 $ POM 80 $ mu @ m。 ！19
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