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MATERIALS: SOLUTION AND AVOIDANCE OF PROBLEMS; ISO AND FIRST

机译：材料：问题的解决和避免； ISO和第一

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ISO, ESA's Infrared Space Observatory, is a scientific satellite launched in 1995. It is a multi-user telescope facility for measuring very weak thermal radiation sources in space. ISO uses a cryostat with superfluid helium boiling off at 1.7 K to provide the necessary low temperatures for both the telescope and the detectors of the scientific instruments.rnOwing to the required very low temperatures, the development of ISO's cryostat, telescope and scientific instruments was a major challenge from the materials viewpoint. ISO encountered a number of problems with materials of various applications: structural, thermal, optical, mechanism and electrical. Several examples will be presented and solutions described. The result of this effort, amongst others, is the excellent performance of the ISO satellite.rnThe paper will describe the ISO satellite and some of its materials development problems and their solution. It will also show how ESA is maximising this experience by using ISO technology in conceiving FIRST, the Far InfraRed and Submillimetre Telescope, the 4th Cornerstone of ESA's Horizons 2000 Science Programme, to be flown in late 2005.
机译：ISO是ESA的红外空间天文台，是1995年发射的科学卫星。它是用于测量太空中非常弱的热辐射源的多用户望远镜设施。 ISO使用的超低温氦气恒温器在1.7 K时沸腾，从而为望远镜和科学仪器的探测器提供必要的低温。由于所需的极低温度，ISO低温恒温器，望远镜和科学仪器的发展是从材料的角度来看是重大挑战ISO在各种用途的材料上遇到了许多问题：结构，热，光学，机械和电气。将提供几个示例并描述解决方案。这项工作的结果是ISO人造卫星的出色性能。本文将介绍ISO人造卫星及其一些材料开发问题及其解决方案。它还将展示ESA如何通过使用ISO技术构想FIRST，远红外和亚毫米望远镜，这是ESA Horizo​​ns 2000科学计划的第四个基石，该计划将于2005年下半年试飞。

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