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Motion correction for radiation therapy of prostate using B-mode Ultrasound

机译：使用B型超声对前列腺放射疗法进行运动校正

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The use of intensity modulated radiation therapy promises to spare organs at risk by applying better dose distribution on the tumor. The specific challenge of this methods is the exact positioning of the patient and the localization of the exposured organ. With respect to the filling of rectum and bladder the prostate can move several millimeters up to centimeters. Therfore, the position of the prostate should be determinated and corrected daily before irradiation. We used a B-mode US machine ( Ultramark 9, advanced Technology Laboratories, USA) which was calibrated using an optical tracking system (Polaris, NDI, Can). After correct positioning of the patient in the simulation room three anatomical markers (apex prostate, prostate lateral sinister/dexter) were identified and their positions calculated with respect to the coordinate system of the simulator. The same situation is given in the treatment room. Both, simulator and accelerator are registered by a simple point-to-point registration using a block with five drilled holes with known coordinates in the block coordinate system. The block is aligned by means of laser markers. When the patient is placed on the treatment table, the three anatomical landmarks are located on the US images and their positions are calculated with respect to the coordinate system of the treatment room. Applying a point-to-point registration results in a rotation matrix and a translation vector in the desired coordinate system which can be used for repositioning by translating and rotating the patient table. Additionally, a fiducial registration error (FRE) is calculated which gives a dimension of the accuracy the three points were identified. We found an fiducial registration error (FRE) of 2.4 mm +/- 1.2 mm for the point-to-point registration of the anatomical landmarks. The FRE for the point-to-point registration between the block and the optical tracking system was 0.5 mm +/- 0.2 mm. According to the US calibration we found an error of 0.8 mm +/- 0.2 mm.
机译：调强放射疗法的使用有望通过在肿瘤上施加更好的剂量分布来使处于危险中的器官免于受伤。这种方法的特殊挑战是患者的准确定位和暴露器官的定位。关于直肠和膀胱的充盈，前列腺可以移动几毫米到几厘米。因此，应该每天在照射前确定并纠正前列腺的位置。我们使用了B模式的美国机器（Ultramark 9，美国先进技术实验室），该机器使用光学跟踪系统（Polaris，NDI，Can）进行了校准。在将患者正确放置在模拟室中之后，确定了三个解剖标记（顶点前列腺，前列腺外侧险恶/右手），并相对于模拟器的坐标系计算了它们的位置。治疗室也有同样的情况。模拟器和加速器都可以通过简单的点对点配准进行配准，方法是使用一个模块，该模块具有五个钻孔，且在模块坐标系中坐标已知。借助激光打标机将块对齐。将患者放在治疗台上时，三个解剖界标位于美国图像上，并且相对于治疗室的坐标系计算它们的位置。应用点对点配准可在所需坐标系中生成旋转矩阵和平移矢量，可通过平移和旋转患者床将其用于重新定位。另外，计算出基准配准误差（FRE），它给出了识别出三个点的精确度。我们发现解剖标志的点对点配准的基准配准误差（FRE）为2.4 mm +/- 1.2 mm。块与光学跟踪系统之间的点对点配准的FRE为0.5 mm +/- 0.2 mm。根据美国校准，我们发现误差为0.8毫米+/- 0.2毫米。

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