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首页> 外文会议>SPWLA annual logging symposium >CLAYS IN THE FULMAR SANDSTONES OF CENTRAL GRABEN NORTH SEA – A BOON OR BANE
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CLAYS IN THE FULMAR SANDSTONES OF CENTRAL GRABEN NORTH SEA – A BOON OR BANE

机译：粘土在Graben北海中部的Fulmar砂岩 - 一个Boon或Bane

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Reservoir petrophysics is the most important studythat defines qualitatively and quantitatively areservoir’s performance. The reservoir itself ischaracterised as clean, heterogeneous or poor inquality based on its mineralogical composition. Ofthe crucial minerals that decide reservoir qualityare clay minerals. Not only do the clays affect thereservoir quality but also play a key role inunderstanding source rock and hydrocarbongeneration,as a tool for depositional environmentcharacterisation, stratigraphic correlation andidentification of exploration targets. Hence,understanding the clays is essential. The FulmarFormation is the principal reservoir within theNorth Sea Central Graben. The Upper JurassicKimmeridge Clay Formation is the source rock,although coals of the Middle Jurassic PentlandFormation are also locally mature for oil (Isaksen2004). Besides gas and black oil, many of thehigh-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) Fulmarreservoirs comprise condensate. The association ofoverpressure and clay diagenesis appear to be themain factors in controlling reservoir quality andthe migration of pore-fluids and hydrocarbons.The reservoir consists of thick highly bioturbatedsandstones, which were deposited on a subsidingshallow-marine shelf under the influence oftectonic movements. The formation has been coreda lot, and is mostly homogeneous in appearance.No preserved primary sedimentary structures canbe seen in the fine to very fine sandstones due torigorous bioturbation. Although Kaolinite, Illite,mixed-layer Illite/Smectite, Chlorite, Smectite, andmixed-layer Chlorite/Smectite have all beenidentified in the Fulmar reservoirs, it is observedthat Illite is dominant. The clay mineralogy of theFulmar sandstones differs between wells, and mayvary with depth within a well. Since claymineralogy leads to significant variation ofporosity, permeability, and wireline log responsethere is need for a systematic study of clays duringthe exploration and appraisal phases of a field.Clays seem to have both a positive and negativeeffect on the reservoir quality of the deep Fulmarsandstones. The deep HPHT Fulmar reservoirs havequite high porosities which have been attributed toconversion of smectite to illite, inhibiting macro-quartzcementation, thereby preserving porosity (Osborne &Swarbrick, 1999). Thus, over-pressuring coupled withearly clay coatings has prevented compaction at depths>10,000ft. Impact of overpressure on reservoir qualitywill be active only when the reservoir is sealed suitablyfor long duration by very fine-grained and ductile rocks.Notably, the distinct relationships between facies andreservoir quality appear to be closely related to thebulk-rock total clay content. Porosity and permeabilityare functions of depth, clay content and grain size.Increasing clay content means increasing ratio of microporosityto macro-porosity. For reserve calculations, theability to determine from wireline logs the total claycontent in hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs is veryimportant. Distribution of these clays in the sandstonesmay be dispersed, laminated, or structural and thesevariations result in different facies, which if notunderstood could lead to misinterpretations. This studydemonstrates how integrated analysis throughpetrophysical and geological methods could helpinterpret clay type, volume, distribution andmorphology for reservoir characterisation from welldata in the Fulmar reservoirs.
机译：储层岩石物理学是最重要的研究定性和定量a定义水库的表现。水库本身就是其特征在于干净，异质或差基于其矿物学组成的质量。的决定水库质量的关键矿物质是粘土矿物质。粘土不仅会影响水库质量，但也发挥着关键作用了解源岩和碳氢化合物，作为沉积环境的工具表征，地层相关性和勘探目标的识别。因此，了解粘土是必不可少的。 fulmar.形成是其中的主要水库北海中央格拉芬。上侏罗纪Kimmeridge粘土形成是源摇滚，虽然中间侏罗纪的枝条形成在局部成熟石油（isaksen2004）。除了天然气和黑色的油，还有很多高压，高温（HPHT）Fulmar水库包括冷凝物。协会过度压力和粘土成岩作用似乎是控制水库质量的主要因素孔隙液和烃的迁移。水库由厚厚的生物稳定组成砂岩，被沉积在一个沉积物上浅海洋架子下的影响构造运动。形成已被核对很多，并且在外观上大多是均匀的。没有保留的主要沉积结构可以在很好的砂岩上被看见严谨的生物扰动。虽然高岭石，伊利特，混合层illite /蒙脱石，亚氯酸盐，蒙脱石和混合层氯酸盐/蒙脱石一切都是在Fulmar储层中识别，观察到那是伊利他道的主导。粘土矿物学Fulmar Sandstones在井之间不同，并且可能在井里的深度变化。自粘土以来矿物导致显着变化孔隙度，渗透性和有线日志响应需要对粘土进行系统研究场地的探索与评估阶段。粘土似乎有一个积极和消极的影响深度富马储层质量砂岩。深毛茸茸的富马水库有非常高的浮雕，归因于将蒙脱石转化为illite，抑制宏观石英胶结，从而保持孔隙率（Osborne＆Swarbrick，1999）。因此，过压耦合早期的粘土涂层防止了深度压实> 10,000英尺。过压对水库质量的影响只有当储存器适当地密封时，才能活跃通过非常细粒度和韧性岩石持续时间长。值得注意的是，相和之间的不同关系水库质量似乎与之密切相关散装岩石总粘土含量。孔隙度和渗透性是深度，粘土含量和晶粒尺寸的功能。增加粘土含量意味着微孔率的增加宏观孔隙度。用于储备计算，能够从有线线程测量总粘土碳氢化合物储存器中的含量非常重要的。在砂岩中分布这些粘土可以分散，层压或结构和这些变化导致不同的相，如果没有理解可能导致误解。这项研究展示了如何通过的综合分析岩石物理和地质方法可以帮助解释粘土类型，卷，分发和储层表征的形态Fulmar储层中的数据。

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