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Three dimensional microseismic monitoring of a Utah longwall

机译：犹他州长壁的三维微震监测

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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has continued the research role of the former US Bureau of Mines (USBM) to engineer techniques that will reduce the hazards in the mining work place associated with coal bumps. Recent research focused on a longwall coal mine in Utah with overburden greater than 750 m (2,500 ft) containing several massive sandstone units. The primary field instrumentation at the site was three-dimensional, full waveform, autonomous microseismic arrays placed underground and on the surface in order to surround the active multi-panel longwall district. The purpose of these arrays was to help investigate the strata mechanics associated with the redistribution of stress and the associated gob formation of the longwall. Specifically, the seismic arrays were used to determine the timing and location of the failure in the strata surrounding the active mining. Overall 13,000 seismic events were detected and located with on-site processing during the five months the panel was being mined, including a magnitude (M_L) 4.2 event. Of these, a smaller subset of 5,000 well-located events was selected during postprocessing to form a consistent data set for analysis in this paper. From this data set, it was observed that the seismic events generally occurred in advance of the longwall face, both above and below the panel, consistent with failure of the strata in the forward stress abutment zone. Also, the occurrence of the M_L 4.2 seismic event within 150-180 m (500-600 ft) of a deep cover longwall face with no associated bump caused a re-evaluation of the nature of the connection between seismic activity and coal bumps.
机译：美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）继续前美国矿务局（USBM）的研究作用，以设计可减少与煤矿颠簸有关的采矿工作场所中的危害的技术。最近的研究集中在犹他州的长壁煤矿，其覆盖层大于750 m（2,500 ft），包含多个块状砂岩单元。该现场的主要现场仪器是放置在地下和地面上的三维全波形自主微震阵列，以包围活动的多面板长壁区。这些阵列的目的是帮助研究与应力的重新分布和长壁相关的采空区形成相关的地层力学。具体而言，地震阵列用于确定活动开采周围地层中破坏的时机和位置。在开采该面板的五个月中，总共检测到13,000个地震事件并进行了现场处理，包括4.2级地震（M_L）。其中，在后处理期间选择了5,000个定位良好的事件的较小子集，以形成一致的数据集以进行本文分析。从该数据集可以看出，地震事件通常发生在面板上方和下方的长壁面之前，这与前向应力邻接区中的地层破坏一致。同样，在深层长壁工作面150-180 m（500-600 ft）内没有关联隆起的M_L 4.2地震事件的发生，引起了对地震活动与隆起之间联系性质的重新评估。

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