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Ultrasound-induced polymerization of methyl methacrylate in pressurized carbon dioxide

机译：超声在加压二氧化碳中诱导的甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合

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Ultrasound-induced cavitation is known to enhance chemical reactions as well as mass transfer rates at ambient pressures and temperatures. Up till now ultrasound was rarely studied at higher pressures, because in most cases a high static pressure hampers the growth of cavities. Recently, we have shown that pressurized carbon dioxide can be used as a medium for ultrasound-induced chemical reactions, because the static pressure is counteracted by the higher vapor pressure of carbon dioxide dioxide[1]. With the use of a dynamic bubble model, the possibility of cavitation and the resulting hot-spot formation upon bubble collapse have been predicted. These simulations show that the implosions of cavities in high-pressure fluids generate temperatures at which radicals can be formed. To validate this, radical formation and polymerization experiments have been performed in CO2-expanded methyl methacrylate. The cavitation-induced polymerizations have resulted in high-molecular weight polymers. This work emphasizes the application potential of sonochemistry for polymerization processes, as cavitation in CO2-expanded monomers has shown to be a clean and safe route to produce polymers with a controlled molecular weight.
机译：已知在环境压力和温度下，超声诱导的空化作用会增强化学反应以及传质速率。迄今为止，很少在更高的压力下研究超声，因为在大多数情况下，高的静态压力会阻碍空腔的生长。最近，我们已经表明，加压的二氧化碳可以用作超声诱导的化学反应的介质，因为静态压力可以被较高的二氧化碳蒸气压抵消[1]。通过使用动态气泡模型，可以预测出现气蚀的可能性以及气泡破裂后形成的热点。这些模拟表明，高压流体中的空腔爆裂会产生可形成自由基的温度。为了验证这一点，已经在CO2膨胀的甲基丙烯酸甲酯中进行了自由基形成和聚合实验。空化诱导的聚合反应产生了高分子量的聚合物。这项工作强调了声化学在聚合过程中的应用潜力，因为在CO2膨胀的单体中空化已被证明是生产具有可控分子量的聚合物的一种清洁安全的途径。

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