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首页> 外文会议>International topical meeting on probabilistic safety assessment and analysis(PSA 2008) >BACK TO BASICS - USE OF SAFETY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES FOR RISK-INFORMED DECISIONS TO ENHANCE SAFETY OF FIRST-OF-A-KIND REACTOR DESIGNS
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BACK TO BASICS - USE OF SAFETY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES FOR RISK-INFORMED DECISIONS TO ENHANCE SAFETY OF FIRST-OF-A-KIND REACTOR DESIGNS

机译：返璞归真-使用安全性和可靠性工程原理进行风险导向的决策，以增强首个反应堆设计的安全性

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摘要

A new approach has been developed to systematically identify opportunities for safety enhancement of first-of-a-kind nuclear reactor designs. The identified opportunities may include reduction in the frequency or severity of traditional design basis events, as well as optimum allocation of reliability and safety enhancement contribution among different design features. The developed approach has three primary elements: (1) a comprehensive set of Safety and Reliability Engineering (SRE) principles that have been compiled to serve as general guidelines, (2) an SRE-oriented risk model and analysis tools to identify and evaluate hazards, vulnerabilities and the proper defense against them, and (3) a risk-informed decision framework that takes into account uncertainties in the current state of knowledge. The approach also has provisions to ensure compliance with regulatory philosophy and safety goals, while avoiding cost of unnecessary research and development and cost of rework. This paper describes the approach, with particular attention given to: (1) design options that enhance risk manageability during plant operation, (2) completeness of the search for hazard sources and vulnerable areas in the design that could be susceptible to failure, (3) systemic uncertainties resulting from the limited domain of applicability of calculation methods, data and experiments, and (4) identification and early disposal of irrelevant issues in order to focus on a manageable number of viable safety enhancement options. The paper also presents examples illustrating SRE application to actual reactors.
机译：已经开发出一种新方法来系统地识别出提高首例核反应堆设计安全性的机会。确定的机会可能包括减少传统设计基准事件的频率或严重性，以及在不同设计特征之间对可靠性和安全性增强贡献的最佳分配。所开发的方法具有三个主要元素：（1）已汇编成一套完整的安全与可靠性工程（SRE）原则，以作为一般准则;（2）面向SRE的风险模型和分析工具，用于识别和评估危害，漏洞以及针对漏洞的适当防御措施;以及（3）考虑到当前知识状态的不确定性的基于风险的决策框架。该方法还具有确保遵守法规理念和安全目标的规定，同时避免了不必要的研发成本和返工成本。本文介绍了这种方法，尤其要注意：（1）增强工厂运营过程中风险管理能力的设计选项;（2）在设计中寻找可能容易导致故障的危险源和脆弱区域的完整性;（3 ）由于计算方法，数据和实验的适用范围有限而引起的系统性不确定性;（4）识别和及早处理不相关的问题，以便将重点放在可管理的可行的安全性增强选项上。本文还提供了一些示例，说明了SRE在实际反应堆中的应用。

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