This paper presents the structure and capabilities of a small, grid-interactive distributed energy resource system comprised of a photovoltaic, plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle and various local loads. Implemented at the residential level, this system, with a plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle, has the ability to isolate a house from the utility grid (intentionally due to a fault or other abnormal grid conditions), work in the stand-alone mode, synchronize and reconnect to the utility grid, without load power interruptions. Plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles, with a built-in bi-directional power converter, present the opportunity to perform a demand/response operation in the grid connected mode, whereas in the islanded mode, it can perform frequency and voltage regulation of the power bus. In this paper, system structure and modes of operation are described, and steady state results from two main modes of operation on the real laboratory setup are presented.
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