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Silicon based solar cells: Research progress and future perspectives

机译：硅基太阳能电池：研究进展和未来展望

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The most important material for solar cells has been and is still silicon. Photovoltaic cells based on silicon with a conversion efficiency of 15–20 % are the most common solar cells currently being produced. Today, approximately 90 % of cumulative installed PV modules are based on crystalline silicon (c-Si) technology. Silicon has been dominating the photovoltaic world market for more than 30 years and it will surely, have an important role for next decade. The current question is if c-Si is the dominant base material beyond 2020. If we consider its peculiar properties and unique advantages in respect of the other solar cell based material — availability, no toxicity, long lifetime and sustainability — it should be the leading material also in the future. However its future leading role is up to the possibility of mitigating the main solar energy drawback: the cost. As a matter of fact, despite the continuous technological innovation has sustained over 30 year of cost reduction [1] (the price of PV modules has fallen by 20% for every doubling of cumulative production), cost is the largest barrier to even greater adoption of PV and the silicon based energy cost is still high around 0,20 Euro/KWh [2]. How can the research overcome this problem ? It is well known that the cost of the solar cell is a balance between the cost of cell production and its efficiency: the target of 1 Euro/Wp of the module cost can be therefore reached or increasing the efficiency or reduction the material cost. The strategy in silicon based solar cells is, therefore, both to increase the efficiency and to reduce the material cost and both approaches will be reviewed in this presentation.
机译：太阳能电池最重要的材料一直是并且仍然是硅。目前生产的最普通的太阳能电池是基于硅的光伏电池，其转换效率为15％至20％。如今，大约90％的累积安装的PV模块基于晶体硅（c-Si）技术。硅已经在光伏世界市场上占据了主导地位已有30多年的历史，并且肯定会在未来十年中发挥重要作用。当前的问题是，c-Si是否会在2020年之后成为主要的基础材料。如果考虑到其相对于其他基于太阳能电池的材料的独特性能和独特优势（可用性，无毒性，长寿命和可持续性），它应该是领先者。将来也有材料。但是，其未来的主导作用取决于减轻太阳能主要缺点的可能性：成本。事实上，尽管持续不断的技术创新已使成本降低了30多年[1]（每生产一倍的产量，光伏组件的价格下降了20％），但成本却是更大程度地采用该技术的最大障碍PV和基于硅的能源成本仍然很高，约为0.20欧元/ KWh [2]。研究如何克服这个问题？众所周知，太阳能电池的成本是电池生产成本与其效率之间的平衡：因此，可以达到组件成本为1欧元/ Wp的目标，或者可以提高效率或降低材料成本。因此，基于硅的太阳能电池中的策略既要提高效率又要降低材料成本，这两种方法都将在本演示文稿中进行回顾。

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