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Reforming the Public Sector through Enhanced Citizen and Stake Holder Participation: The Opportunities and Challenges for the Public Administrator

机译：通过增强公民和利益相关者的参与来改革公共部门：公共管理者的机遇与挑战

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Since the 1980s, globalization and its effects on development in Kenya have had mixed returns; key among them was an accelerated momentum to recognize citizen contribution to planning for their development and also citizen involvement in resource mobilization for development. In this regard, the country adopted policies which included decentralized development through the District Focus for Rural Development, introduction of cost-sharing in the Education and Health sector, among other initiatives. In the 1990s, the Kenya government implemented another wave of reform driven by global realities of concern for increased development funding matched with decreasing wage bill. Actions towards reducing the wage bill included public service staff reductions and payroll cleansing especially in local authorities. One of the key lessons from these reform approaches was that, without elaborate stakeholder involvement and ownership of the development agenda, the reform initiatives were achieving negligible returns to development. Consequently, the next phase of reforms started in 2003 focused primarily on citizen engagement, public private sector partnerships and civil society active participation in reforms targeting the key pillars of public administration in Kenya, namely: (1) Institutional strengthening across the public sector (2) Governance , law and Order (3) Information management (4) Public Service accountability to citizens (5) Strengthening Public Sector Integrity (6) Political restructuring through new constitutional dispensation (7) Public Private sector congruence for development The experiences, successes and challenges realized in these new reform initiatives shall be the focus of my paper. In particular, I shall provide personal insights based on my experience as a public administrator, public officer, researcher, trainer and consultant in public administration, management and leadership. For over 20 years, I have lived the reform waves in Kenya and can witness how increased citizen participation in the governance of states must be the norm if countries are to develop faster and relevantly. The paper shall discuss different methods of citizen and stakeholder engagement that works and the challenges inherent; in addition the paper shall review Kenyan experience in involving private sector players to strengthen public service administration and management especially in the last decade.
机译：自1980年代以来，全球化及其对肯尼亚发展的影响喜忧参半。其中的关键是要加快发展势头，以承认公民对他们的发展计划所作的贡献，以及公民参与为发展筹集资源。在这方面，该国采取了一些政策，其中包括通过以农村发展区为重点的权力下放发展，在教育和卫生部门实行分摊费用等措施。在1990年代，肯尼亚政府又实施了另一波改革浪潮，这是由全球现实驱动的，人们关注的是发展资金的增加与工资支出的减少。减少工资法案的行动包括削减公共服务人员和清理工资单，特别是在地方当局中。这些改革方法的主要教训之一是，在没有利益相关者的精心参与和发展议程所有权的情况下，改革举措取得的发展回报微不足道。因此，下一阶段的改革于2003年开始，主要侧重于公民参与，公共私营部门的伙伴关系和民间社会积极参与针对肯尼亚公共行政关键支柱的改革，即：（1）加强公共部门的机构建设（2 ）治理，法律和秩序（3）信息管理（4）对公民的公共服务责任（5）加强公共部门的诚信（6）通过新的宪政体制进行政治重组（7）公共部门与私营部门的一致发展经验，成就和挑战这些新的改革举措中实现的目标将是本文的重点。特别是，我将根据我在公共行政，管理和领导方面的公共行政人员，公共官员，研究员，培训师和顾问的经验提供个人见解。 20多年来，我在肯尼亚经历了改革浪潮，可以见证如果各国要更快，相关地发展，如何增加公民对国家治理的参与必须成为常态。本文将讨论有效的公民和利益相关者参与的不同方法以及固有的挑战;此外，本文还将回顾肯尼亚在吸引私营部门参与方以加强公共服务行政管理方面的经验，尤其是在最近十年中。

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