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Methods for Evaluating Environmental and Performance Tradeoffs for Air Transportation Systems

机译：评估航空运输系统的环境和性能折衷的方法

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The design and operation of air transportation systems must balance their impact on the environment in conjunction with other metrics such as performance, safety, capacity, and economics. Consequently, selecting the "best" or "optimal" design and operation of a system has become more challenging due to the need to resolve competing tradeoffs. A conceptual framework was developed to analyze air transportation system tradeoffs and facilitate the development of methods to resolve these tradeoffs. The framework was applied to the particular case of analyzing environmental/performance tradeoffs for commercial aircraft cruise operations. In order to explore the research framework, five analyses were performed. One analysis assessed how a hypothetical tax on contrail production would influence a stakeholder's willingness to redefine their respective "optimal" cruise operation (trajectory). In this analysis, valuation theory was used to quantify a stakeholder's relative preference amongst a set of candidate cruise trajectories to find their respective optimal trajectory. Another analysis determined the competing/complementary nature of the system objectives of interest, thereby identifying the most important competing tradeoffs to be resolved. The sensitivity of the important competing tradeoffs to the assumed operating conditions of a system was also explored.
机译：航空运输系统的设计和运行必须结合其他指标（例如性能，安全性，容量和经济性）来平衡其对环境的影响。因此，由于需要解决竞争性折衷，因此选择系统的“最佳”或“最佳”设计和操作变得更具挑战性。开发了一个概念框架来分析航空运输系统的权衡并促进解决这些权衡的方法的开发。该框架适用于分析商用飞机巡航操作的环境/性能折衷的特殊情况。为了探索研究框架，进行了五次分析。一项分析评估了对轨迹转换生产征收的假设税将如何影响利益相关者重新定义其各自的“最佳”巡航操作（轨迹）的意愿。在此分析中，使用估值理论对一组候选巡航轨迹之间的利益相关者的相对偏好进行量化，以找到它们各自的最佳轨迹。另一项分析确定了目标系统目标的竞争/互补性质，从而确定了要解决的最重要的竞争权衡。还探讨了重要竞争权衡对系统假定操作条件的敏感性。

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