Poor vascularization coupled with inferior mechanical stability is the hallmark feature predicting long-term complication and poor functional outcome of massive bone allografts. Our studies confirm that local delivery of S1P,/S1P_3 agonist, FTY720, enhances bone growth and vascularization. These results support the use of FTY720 delivery for promoting angiogenesis and improving the healing outcomes of bone tissue-engineered therapies.
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