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首页> 外文会议>International conference on structural analysis of historic constructions >Brick as a Construction Material in the Modernization Process of The Ottoman Architecture
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Brick as a Construction Material in the Modernization Process of The Ottoman Architecture

机译：砖砌在奥斯曼建筑现代化进程中的建筑材料

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Brick used with stone in an alternate order -especially on monumental masonry buildings-is one of the basic construction materials in Ottoman classical architecture. Parallel to the announcement of Tanzimat Declaration (1839), to the political and economical relations improved with European states and to the Industrial Revolution in Europe, an effective change had been seen on design concept and construction techniques in Ottoman architecture. Many new buildings were built using modern materials and imported techniques such as solid brick (in western norms) masonry walls, steel beams at the horizontal and vertical bearers, cement and concrete. The product of modern solid bricks in western standards had been realized in Ottoman territories in the last quarter of 19th century. The base of this research is constituted on 334 imported and local product solid bricks which remain to Zihni G??er's (firstly documented for this research), to Uzay Yergün's, to Aynur ?ift?i's and to the Y?ld?z Techical University, Department of Architectural Conservation's private collections. Most of the bricks are in a good condition, clean and have stamps. From the stamps one learns where they were produced, in which country or even city, the names of the plants, the logos and the dates of product. During the documentation every brick is numerated, photographed and a catalogue is prepared including the dimensions of the bricks. The demolotion of the buildings made of solid brick masonry walls-especially those which are not registered as an essential cultural asset-the interventions undertaken and the use of new materials during restoration of bearer walls have damaged the original bricks. Finally they were not conserved and documented. The aim of this paper is to determine the change of the production and the standarts of the bricks, to indicate their varieties, their fields of use and their conservation problems before and after the modernisation period of Ottoman architecture. It is intended to take into consideration the conservation and documentation of this material during renovations reflecting the original construction technique of the period that belongs to monumental and civil architecture.
机译：与石头交替使用的砖-特别是在巨大的砖石建筑上-是奥斯曼帝国古典建筑的基本建筑材料之一。在宣布《坦济马特宣言》（1839年），与欧洲国家改善政治和经济关系以及欧洲工业革命的同时，奥斯曼建筑的设计概念和建造技术也发生了有效变化。许多新建筑都是使用现代材料和进口技术建造的，例如实心砖（西方规范）砌筑墙，水平和垂直承梁处的钢梁，水泥和混凝土。西方标准的现代实心砖产品是在19世纪下半叶在奥斯曼帝国领土上实现的。这项研究的基础是由334块进口和本地生产的实心砖构成，这些块砖仍留在Zihni G？er（该研究首次得到证明），UzayYergün，Aynur？ift？i和Y？ld？z Techical大学建筑保护系的私人藏品。大多数砖块状况良好，清洁并带有邮票。从邮票上可以了解到它们的生产地，在哪个国家或什至城市，这些植物的名称，徽标和产品日期。在文档编制过程中，对每块砖进行了编号，拍照并准备了目录，包括砖的尺寸。由实心砖砌墙制成的建筑物的拆除，特别是未登记为必不可少的文化财产的建筑物，在承重墙修复过程中所采取的干预措施和新材料的使用已损坏了原有的砖头。最终，他们没有得到保存和记录。本文的目的是确定砖的生产和标准的变化，以指出砖的品种，使用范围以及在奥斯曼建筑现代化之前和之后的保护问题。意在考虑翻新过程中对这种材料的保存和记录，以反映出属于纪念性建筑和民用建筑时期的原始建筑技术。

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