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The Development of New Social Organizations and its Community Governance Functions During the Transitional Period in China-Taking Shanghai as an Example

机译：转型期中国新社会组织的发展及其社区治理功能-以上海为例

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The State -society -citizens relations have shown new features on the moment that China happens to a profound social transition; consequently, the urban community governance structure has undergone major changes which provide a favorable space for the development of' new social organizations, while also presented no small challenge for the transformation of government functions. The paper taking the development situation of new social organizations in Shanghai as example, focusing on the analysis of the current development of new social organizations of China and its role and basic functions in community governance, revealing the interaction rules between the development of new social organizations and governmental social management system innovation, the paper suggests further promoting the development of new social organizations, optimizing the community governance structure from social environment, system construction and upgrading internal functions and other aspect.

机译：在中国正经历深刻的社会转型之际，国家与公民之间的关系呈现出新的特征。因此，城市社区治理结构发生了重大变化，为新的社会组织的发展提供了有利的空间，同时也对政府职能的转变提出了不小的挑战。本文以上海新型社会组织的发展状况为例，重点分析了中国新型社会组织的发展现状及其在社区治理中的作用和基本功能，揭示了新型社会组织发展之间的相互作用规律。本文从政府环境，制度建设，内部功能升级等方面提出了进一步促进新型社会组织发展，优化社区治理结构的建议。

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《International conference on public administration》|2011年|p.576-583|共8页
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作者
YU Kai; TAO Fei-fei;
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原文格式 PDF
正文语种
中图分类管理学;管理学;
关键词
Social transformation; Civil society; New social organizations (NSOs); Community governance;

机译：社会转型;公民社会;新社会组织（NSO）;社区治理;

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1. The Research of Social Organizations Participating in the Urban Community Aged Care＇ s Problems--Base on the City of Shanghai in China [J] . YAN Hui-chang 国际英语教育研究：英文版 . 2015,第008期

机译：社会组织参与城市社区养老问题的研究-基于中国上海市区
2. The Difficulties and Strategies of Social Organizations Participating in Urban Community Governance [J] . Xianliang He Open Access Library Journal . 2021,第7期

机译：参加城市社区治理的社会组织的困难与对策
3. Linked Boundary Functions: Examining the Role of 'Research for Development' Organizations in Integrating Levels of Resource Governance [J] . Fudge Maree, Hiruy Kiros Society and Natural Resources . 2019,第1a3期

机译：联系边界职能：研究“发展”组织在整合资源治理水平的作用
4. The Development of New Social Organizations and its Community Governance Functions During the Transitional Period in China-Taking Shanghai as an Example [C] . YU Kai, TAO Fei-fei International conference on public administration . 2011

机译：新社会组织及其社区治理职能的发展为例，作为榜样
5. Social capital and community economic development in Los Angeles Koreatown: Faith-based organizations in transitional ethnic community (California). [D] . Choi, Hyunsun. 2004

机译：洛杉矶Koreatown的社会资本和社区经济发展：过渡种族社区中基于信仰的组织（加利福尼亚州）。
6. Civil Society Organizations and the Functions of Global Health Governance: What Role within Intergovernmental Organizations? [O] . Kelley Lee -1

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7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”
8. Using New Governance Tools to Solve Local Government Problems, A Program of Research into Emerging Nonservice Approaches to Social Welfare and Community Development Problems, Summary Materials [R] . Waldhorn, S. A. , Gollub, J. O. , Benveniste, D. R. , 1979

机译：利用新的治理工具解决地方政府问题，研究新兴的非服务性社会福利和社区发展问题的方法，摘要材料

The Development of New Social Organizations and its Community Governance Functions During the Transitional Period in China-Taking Shanghai as an Example

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