The analysis of the spatial pattern of prehistoric settlement sites based on GIS and spatial data mining

机译：基于GIS和空间数据挖掘的史前聚落遗址空间格局分析。

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The spatial pattern of prehistoric settlement sites in Henan Province is researched. By analyzing the relationship between prehistoric settlement sites location and regional altitude, terrain slope, rivers and other geographical environment factors, the laws of the distribution of prehistoric settlement sites are found: more than 70% of settlement sites are located at the altitude of from 50 to 400 meters, more than 60% settlement sites are located in the places where the slopes are less than 3 degree, and more than 60% are located in the distance of less than 4km from the river. Through the analysis of settlement sites distribution patterns by using geography information system(GIS) and spatial data mining, the good technology support is provided for the future settlement archaeology, and the references are provided for researchers to understand prehistoric human selection strategy on the environment and the evolution of settlement systems.

机译：研究了河南省史前聚落遗址的空间格局。通过分析史前聚落地点的位置与区域海拔，地形坡度，河流和其他地理环境因素之间的关系，发现史前聚落地点的分布规律：超过70％的聚落地点位于50到50在400米到400米的范围内，超过60％的沉降点位于坡度小于3度的地方，而超过60％的沉降点位于距河流不到4公里的距离内。通过使用地理信息系统（GIS）和空间数据挖掘分析定居点的分布模式，为未来的定居考古提供了良好的技术支持，并为研究人员提供了了解史前人类在环境和环境方面的选择策略的参考。结算系统的演变。

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《2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics》|2011年|p.1-4|共4页
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Yan Lijie; Shi Yishao; Yang Ruixia; Lu Peng; Zhu Li; Fu Qiang;
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中图分类环境质量评价与环境监测;测绘数据库与信息系统;
关键词
GIS; settlement archeology; spatial analysis; spatial data mining; spatial pattern;

机译：GIS;定居考古;空间分析;空间数据挖掘;空间格局;

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1. Analysis of the spatial distribution of geochemical signatures for the identification of prehistoric settlement patterns in ADE and TMA sites in the lower Amazon Basin [J] . Costa J.A., Lima da Costa M., Kern D.C. Journal of Archaeological Science . 2013,第6期

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2. Accounting For Spatial Patterns Of Multiplegeological Data Sets In Geological Thematic Mapping Using Gis-based Spatial Analysis [J] . No-Wook Park, Kwang-Hoon Chi, Byung-Doo Kwon Environmental geology and water sciences . 2007,第7期

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3. The spatial network of megaregions - Types of connectivity between cities based on settlement patterns derived from EO-data [J] . Taubenboeck H., Wiesner M. Computers，environment and urban systems . 2015,第NOVa期

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4. The Analysis of the Spatial Pattern of Prehistoric Settlement Sites Based on GIS and Spatial Data Mining [C] . Lijie Yan, Yishao Shi, Ruixia Yang, International Conference on Geoinformatics . 2011

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5. Prehistoric Settlement Patterns: A GIS-based Analysis of Virgin Branch Ancestral Pueblo Habitation in the Mount Trumbull Region of Northwestern Arizona [D] . Kooistra, Marty. 2018

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6. Spatial Forecast of Landslides in Three Gorges Based On Spatial Data Mining [O] . Xianmin Wang, Ruiqing Niu 2009

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7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”
8. Prehistoric spatial patterning and subsistence studies: Archaeological investigations at Sample Unit U19arP4, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada. [R] . Johnson, W. G., DuBarton, A., Edwards, S., 1992

机译：史前空间格局和生存研究：内华达州奈县内华达试验场U19arp4样本单位的考古调查。

The analysis of the spatial pattern of prehistoric settlement sites based on GIS and spatial data mining

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