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Effects of Fuel Particle Size and Impurity on Solid-to-Solid Pyrotechnic Reaction Rate

机译：燃料粒径和杂质对烟火反应速率的影响

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An analytic framework for describing the rate of solid-to-solid pyrotechnic reactions is an essential first step for evaluating possible revisions of pyrotechnic powder technical specifications, such as those will be considered for zirconium. Because both reactants and end-products are solid, a solid-to-solid pyrotechnic reaction is not sensitive to gas pressure. Therefore, analytic approaches based on the GDF formulas are not applicable. In this paper, a physical model is proposed to address this shortcoming with emphasis on the fuel particle only, while other factors such as oxidizer particles and fuel/oxidizer ratio are maintained constant. Specifically, a model is formulated based on a liquid phase oxidizer, free oxygen atoms and a detailed analysis of intermediate reaction processes/products. Spherical particles of an identical diameter corresponding to the average particle diameter are used in the model. A kinetic analysis, modified from the standard Arrhenius first order reaction, is used to derive the reaction rate. According to this model, the single particle reaction time is proportional to D2 and the linear reaction propagation rate in composition is proportional to D~(-1)), where D is the average particle diameter. In addition, the rate is also proportional to the thermal conductivity of the fuel particle, which in turn depends on its purity level. As applied to zirconium/potassium-perchlorate (ZPP), the ZPP propagation rate predicted by the model is in agreement with experimentally observed value, ~2.3 cm/ms. The impact of a large particle size on ZPP-based initiator performance is illustrated and discussed, along with ignition sensitivity. The proposed existence of transitory ZrO as the initial reaction step is explored using this model, and the existence of this reaction intermediate is shown to be consistent with the limited available thermophysical data. Criteria for better pyrotechnic device performance control are also discussed. Although illustrated in greatest detail for ZPP, it is anticipated that portions of this basic analytic methodology will find general applicability in the study of many solid-to-solid reactions.
机译：描述固体对固体烟火反应速率的分析框架是评估烟火粉末技术规范可能修订的重要的第一步，例如将考虑使用锆。因为反应物和最终产物都是固体，所以固体到固体的烟火反应对气压不敏感。因此，基于GDF公式的分析方法不适用。在本文中，提出了一种物理模型来解决此缺点，仅着重于燃料颗粒，而其他因素（例如氧化剂颗粒和燃料/氧化剂比率）保持恒定。具体地，基于液相氧化剂，游离氧原子和中间反应过程/产物的详细分析来制定模型。在模型中使用与平均粒径相对应的相同直径的球形粒子。根据标准的Arrhenius一阶反应进行动力学分析，得出反应速率。根据该模型，单个粒子的反应时间与D2成正比，组成中的线性反应传播速率与D〜（-1）成正比，其中D为平均粒径。此外，该速率还与燃料颗粒的热导率成正比，这又取决于其纯度。当应用于锆/高氯酸钾（ZPP）时，该模型预测的ZPP传播速率与实验观测值〜2.3 cm / ms一致。图示和讨论了大粒径对基于ZPP的引发剂性能的影响以及点火敏感性。使用该模型探索了拟议的过渡ZrO作为初始反应步骤的存在，并且表明该反应中间体的存在与有限的可用热物理数据一致。还讨论了更好的烟火设备性能控制的标准。尽管对ZPP进行了最详细的说明，但可以预期，这种基本分析方法的某些部分将在许多固体对固体反应的研究中找到普遍的适用性。

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