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Bionic integrated scaffold of tissue engineered cartilage-subchondral bone using 3D printing rapid prototyping technique

机译：使用3D打印快速成型技术的组织工程软骨-软骨下骨的仿生集成支架

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Introduction The boundary structure between cartilage and subchondral bone is named calcified cartilage zone, it has important physicochemical functions. However, the tissue-engineered cartilage and bone by current methods usually lacks this boundary structure. Based on the extensive study of human articular osteochondro tissue morphology, here we proposed a concept of integrated scaffold which contains cartilage layer, subchondral bone, and the boundary structure between them. Materials & Methods We measures the parameters needed to fabricate the scaffold, including the thickness of each layer, the cell density in each layer, and the connection mode between each layer. Then we used computer aided design(CAD) software to build the CAD model of the scaffold based on bionics principle. We converted the CAD model into Standard Template Libarary(STL) format, and imported it into 3D printer. The powder spreading device of the printer printed the scaffold layer by layer with the given parameters, finally the 3D scaffold was produced. Results The scaffold produced in our study was similar in morphology with the host tissue, particularly, the boundary structure between cartilage and bone could provide suitable microenvironments for the seed cells to differentiate into either osteoblasts or chondrocytes. The application of 3D printing rapid prototyping technique made the engineered scaffold match the bone defect in anatomical shape, which ensures the accuracy oflocal implantation; moreover, the inner structure of the scaffold resembles that in host tissues, which ensures cell vaccination and nutrient supply. Conclusions 3D printing rapid prototyping technique can be used to fabricat the tissue-engineered bionic scaffold of cartilage and bone, it has many advantages such as simplicity of operation, high accuracy and good repeatability to realize industriliation.
机译：简介软骨与软骨下骨之间的边界结构被称为钙化软骨区，它具有重要的理化功能。然而，通过当前方法进行的组织工程化的软骨和骨骼通常缺乏这种边界结构。在广泛研究人体关节软骨组织形态的基础上，我们提出了一种包含软骨层，软骨下骨及其边界结构的集成支架的概念。材料和方法我们测量制造支架所需的参数，包括每一层的厚度，每一层的细胞密度以及每一层之间的连接方式。然后我们使用计算机辅助设计（CAD）软件基于仿生学原理建立了脚手架的CAD模型。我们将CAD模型转换为标准模板Libarary（STL）格式，并将其导入3D打印机。打印机的粉末撒布装置以给定的参数逐层打印支架，最终制成3D支架。结果本研究产生的支架与宿主组织的形态相似，特别是软骨与骨骼之间的边界结构可以为种子细胞分化为成骨细胞或软骨细胞提供合适的微环境。 3D打印快速成型技术的应用使工程支架在解剖形状上与骨缺损相匹配，确保了局部植入的准确性。此外，支架的内部结构类似于宿主组织中的内部结构，可确保细胞接种疫苗和提供营养。结论3D打印快速成型技术可用于组织工程化软骨和骨的仿生支架，具有操作简单，精度高，重复性好等优点，可实现产业化。

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