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Metals in Paper and Ink of 'U.S. Three-Cent Bank Note Stamp'

机译：美国纸和油墨中的金属三分钞票邮票'

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More than 6.6 billion of "United States three-cent banknote" stamps were printed during 1870-1881. They were printed in three different companies, National B.N.C., Continental B.N.C., and American B.N.C., which was using two differently engraved image carriers. Color variation in inks of all these stamps was examined via non-destructive qualitative fluorescent spectroscopy, using EAGLE III uProbe - Energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. It was found that ink in stamps contained calcium, barium, lead, zinc, iron, chromium, silica and aluminum. Relative levels of the metals in the inks varied, which probably resulted in color variation between those stamps. Stamps from 1878 and newer did not contain zinc in inks. Also, the relative level of metals in individual series of stamps varied, namely in levels of Ca, Ba, Pb, and Zn. Non-printed areas of those stamps were also analyzed for metals content. It reveals that every company used paper with different metals: in National paper was found Ca, in Continental Ba and Zn, in American -Ca, and in American re-engraved paper Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, Si and Al were found. This indicates that each company was using different paper, which could lead to color variation between stamps originating from different companies.
机译：在1870-1881年间，共印刷了超过66亿张“美国三美分”邮票。它们是在三个不同的公司中印刷的，它们分别是National B.N.C.，Continental B.N.C.和American B.N.C.，它们使用两种不同雕刻的图像载体。使用EAGLE III uProbe-能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪，通过无损定性荧光光谱法检查了所有这些邮票油墨的颜色变化。发现邮票中的墨水包含钙，钡，铅，锌，铁，铬，二氧化硅和铝。油墨中金属的相对含量变化，这可能导致这些印章之间的颜色变化。 1878年及以后的邮票油墨中不含锌。同样，各个系列邮票中金属的相对含量也有所不同，即Ca，Ba，Pb和Zn的含量不同。还对那些邮票的非印刷区域的金属含量进行了分析。结果表明，每家公司都使用了具有不同金属的纸张：在National纸中发现了Ca，在大陆Ba和Zn中发现了在美国-Ca中，在美国复刻纸中发现了Cu，Fe，Mn，Mg，Si和Al。这表明每个公司使用的纸张都不同，这可能会导致不同公司发行的邮票之间出现颜色差异。

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