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Urban Positioning on a Smartphone: Real-time Shadow Matching Using GNSS and 3D City Models

机译:智能手机上的城市定位:使用GNSS和3D城市模型进行实时阴影匹配

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The poor performance of global navigation satellite system(GNSS) user equipment in urban canyons is a well-knownproblem, particularly in the cross-street direction. However,the accuracy in the cross-street direction is of greatimportance in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) andland navigation systems for lane identification, in locationbasedadvertisement (LBA) for targeting suitableconsumers and many other location-based services (LBS).To tackle this problem, a new approach, shadow matching,has been proposed, assisted by knowledge derived from3D models of buildings. In this work, a new smartphonebasedpositioning system using 3D city models is designed.The system is then implemented in an application (app, orsoftware) on the Android operating system. With a numberof optimizations developed, for the first time, ademonstration is performed on a smartphone using realtimeGPS and GLONASS data stream. The computationalefficiency of the system is thus verified, showing itspotential for larger scale deployment. Experiments wereconducted at four different locations, providing a statisticalperformance analysis of the new system. Analysis wasconducted to evaluate the performance of the system. Theexperimental results show that the proposed systemoutperforms the conventional GNSS positioning solutionprovided by GNSS chips on smartphones, reducing thecross-street positioning error by 69.2 % on average.It should be noted that the system does not require anyadditional hardware or real-time rendering of 3D scenes. Itis therefore power-efficient and cost-effective. The systemis also expandable to work with Beidou (Compass) andGalileo in the future, with potentially improvedperformance.
机译:全球导航卫星系统性能不佳 (GNSS)用户设备在城市峡谷中是众所周知的 问题,尤其是在跨街方向。然而, 跨街方向的准确性很高 在智能交通系统(ITS)中的重要性以及 基于位置的陆地导航系统,用于车道识别 广告(LBA),以定位适合 消费者和许多其他基于位置的服务(LBS)。 为了解决这个问题,一种新方法,阴影匹配, 已经提出,并得到了来自以下方面的知识的帮助 建筑物的3D模型。在这项工作中,基于 设计了使用3D城市模型的定位系统。 然后,系统可以在应用程序(应用程序或 软件)在Android操作系统上。带数字 首次开发的优化 演示是在智能手机上使用实时进行的 GPS和GLONASS数据流。计算的 从而验证了系统的效率,显示了其 大规模部署的潜力。实验是 在四个不同的地点进行,提供了统计数据 新系统的性能分析。分析原为 进行评估系统的性能。这 实验结果表明,所提出的系统 优于传统的GNSS定位解决方案 由智能手机上的GNSS芯片提供,从而减少了 跨街定位平均误差为69.2%。 应该注意的是,该系统不需要任何 其他硬件或3D场景的实时渲染。它 因此,既省电又具有成本效益。系统 还可以扩展以与北斗(北斗)和 未来的伽利略,有可能得到改善 表现。

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