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Performance analysis of microano scale oscillators in GPS receiver applications

机译：GPS接收机应用中的微/纳米尺度振荡器的性能分析

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It is widely known that GPS receiver’s oscillator influencesthe ability to acquire and track the desired GPS Signal.Depending on the frequency/ phase variations introduced bythe GPS receiver’s local reference, this common modecharacteristic is tracked out (and not necessarily filtered) bythe baseband signal processing and thus has a direct impacton GPS signal recovery. When the local reference exhibitsexcessive clock dynamics, the baseband tracking loops arelimited in their ability to track the desired line of sight signaldynamics in the presence of thermal noise.A new generation of Micro/Nano scale resonator basedoscillators offer great potential towards redefining themanner in which reference sources have been viewed inGPS receiver designs. Micro/Nanoscale oscillators designedand prototyped under DARPA’s MesodynamicsArchitectures (Meso) program operate by leveraging nonlinearitiesto optimize phase noise performance at specificfrequency offsets in the single side band (SSB) phase noisecurve. Live sky GPS signals were successfully acquired andtracked by Rockwell Collins’ GPS receiver which used oneof these prototype microscale oscillators [1] as its referencefrequency source. These microano scale oscillatorscurrently operate in the 600 - 700 MHz region (final designgoal is 1 GHz) and are designed to be extremely small (finaldesign goal is 1 cu.mm). They consume very little powerand can be ovenized on a limited power budget in order toachieve better frequency stability. These microano scaledevices will be shown to have very low accelerationsensitivities which outperform standard AT cut quartzcrystal technology. Looking ahead, these microano scalereference sources can potentially be integrated into the GPSchipset resulting in a true all in one ASIC GPS solution.However, the close in phase noise performance of thesemicro scale oscillators needs further improvement in orderto meet a host of application specific performance requirements.This paper will evaluate the phase noise and Allan deviationperformance of microano scale oscillators. Time series andsingle side band (SSB) phase noise data obtained from thesedevices will be used by baseband GPS signal analysis toolstowards determining minimum oscillator requirements (interms of phase noise/Allan deviation, vibration, shock,frequency stability) for use in GPS receiver solutions.Dominant power law processes in the microano scaleoscillators will be identified under different configurationsand their impact on the received GPS signal will bediscussed. Results of trade off analyses between oscillatorperformance and GPS signal recovery will be provided.
机译：众所周知，GPS接收器的振荡器会产生影响 具有获取和跟踪所需GPS信号的能力。 取决于引入的频率/相位变化 GPS接收器的本地参考，此共模 通过以下方式跟踪（且不一定过滤）特征 基带信号处理，因此具有直接影响 在GPS信号恢复上。当当地参考物展示时 过多的时钟动态，基带跟踪环路是 跟踪所需视线信号的能力有限 存在热噪声时的动态变化。 基于新一代的微米/纳米尺度谐振器 振荡器为重新定义振荡器提供了巨大的潜力 在其中查看参考源的方式 GPS接收器设计。微米/纳米级振荡器设计 并根据DARPA的介观动力学进行了原型设计 架构（Meso）程序通过利用非线性来运行 在特定条件下优化相位噪声性能 单边带（SSB）相位噪声中的频率偏移 曲线。成功获取了实时天空GPS信号，并 由罗克韦尔·柯林斯（Rockwell Collins）的GPS接收器跟踪 这些原型微尺度振荡器[1]作为参考 频率源。这些微米/纳米级振荡器 目前工作在600-700 MHz区域（最终设计 目标是1 GHz），并且设计得非常小（最终 设计目标是1立方毫米）。他们消耗很少的能量 并可以在有限的功率预算下进行烘干，以便 实现更好的频率稳定性。这些微米/纳米尺度 设备将显示出非常低的加速度 灵敏度优于标准AT切割石英 水晶技术。展望未来，这些微米/纳米尺度 参考源可能会集成到GPS中 芯片组实现了真正的多合一ASIC GPS解决方案。 但是，它们的相噪性能接近 微型振荡器需要进一步改进 满足许多特定于应用程序的性能要求。 本文将评估相位噪声和艾伦偏差 微米/纳米级振荡器的性能。时间序列和 从这些获得的单边带（SSB）相位噪声数据 设备将被基带GPS信号分析工具使用 确定最低振荡器要求（以 相位噪声/艾伦偏差，振动，冲击， 频率稳定性），用于GPS接收器解决方案。 微观/纳米尺度的主导幂律过程 振荡器将在不同的配置下被识别 它们对接收到的GPS信号的影响将是 讨论过。振荡器之间权衡分析的结果 性能和GPS信号恢复。

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