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COLD BED ADSORPTION (CBA) PERFORMANCE TRENDS AND IMPROVEMENTS

机译：冷床吸附（CBA）性能趋势和改进

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Cold Bed Adsorption (CBA) is a sulfur recovery technology that has been around since the 1970s, designed to achieve sulfur recovery levels between roughly 98.5-99.5%, depending on flowsheet configuration and acid gas quality. CBA technology takes advantage of lower-temperature, subdewpoint Claus reactor operation, which improves the Claus reaction equilibrium, converting more H2S and SO_2 to product sulfur. The subdewpoint reactor operation also takes advantage of adsorption of product sulfur vapor from the gas onto the catalyst surface, removing sulfur vapor from the gas. The process is cyclical. While in adsorption mode a catalyst bed operates in a low-temperature range where the produced sulfur adsorbs onto the catalyst surface. Before the adsorbed sulfur accumulates to a level deactivating the catalyst bed, the bed is heated to desorb the product sulfur. Switching valves rotate process flow through the catalyst beds and condensers, sequencing the beds through adsorption/desorption cycles over optimized time intervals. The sulfur recovery fluctuates accordingly. By allowing the beds to run at cooler temperatures for longer intervals, overall sulfur recovery levels can be made to increase. Numerous CBA flowsheet configurations and switching sequences have been implemented in the past. Improvements to the CBA process may now allow for competitive designs which achieve average daily sulfur recoveries at or above 99.5%. New schemes for process flow sequencing and sulfur condenser operation through 3-bed CBA designs offer improved sulfur recovery compared with past designs. Operating data from existing CBA plants are presented to demonstrate the sulfur recovery efficiency penalty avoided by using the new schemes. These improvements are yet to be tested in the field, but calculations suggest that the average sulphur recovery efficiency can be increased to above 99.5% for a 3-bed CBA operating on a rich acid gas.
机译：冷床吸附（CBA）是一种自1970年代就问世的硫磺回收技术，根据工艺流程配置和酸性气体质量，其设计目的是使硫磺的回收率达到大约98.5-99.5％。 CBA技术利用了低温，露点以下的克劳斯反应器运行的优势，从而改善了克劳斯反应平衡，将更多的H2S和SO_2转化为产物硫。露点反应器的操作还利用了将气体中的产物硫蒸气吸附到催化剂表面上的优势，从而从气体中除去了硫蒸气。这个过程是周期性的。在吸附模式下，催化剂床在低温范围内运行，其中产生的硫吸附在催化剂表面上。在吸附的硫积累到使催化剂床失活的水平之前，将床加热以使产物硫解吸。切换阀使工艺流程流经催化剂床和冷凝器，在优化的时间间隔内通过吸附/解吸循环对床进行排序。硫的回收率相应地波动。通过使床在较低的温度下运行更长的时间间隔，可以提高总硫的回收率。过去已经实现了许多CBA流程图配置和切换顺序。现在，对CBA工艺的改进可以使设计更具竞争力，从而使日均硫回收率达到或超过99.5％。与过去的设计相比，通过三床CBA设计进行工艺流程排序和硫冷凝器操作的新方案可提高硫的回收率。介绍了来自现有CBA工厂的运行数据，以证明使用新方案可避免硫磺回收效率的下降。这些改进尚未在现场进行测试，但计算表明，在富酸性气体上运行的3床CBA的平均硫回收率可以提高到99.5％以上。

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