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The Evolution of U.S. National Policy for Addressing the Threat of Space Debris

机译：美国国家政策的演变解决空间碎片威胁

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Since the late 1980s, U.S. national space policy has increasingly highlighted the importance of dealing with space debris, and directed U.S. federal agencies to take specific actions to address the challenge. However, the implementation of the policy direction has been mixed. This paper provides an overview of the historical evolution in U.S. national policy on space debris, including space debris mitigation, space traffic management, and active debris removal. The paper shows that while there has been significant progress on raising awareness of the threat posed by space debris among U.S. policymakers, and taking action on implementation voluntary debris mitigation guidelines, there has been little progress on remediation of the space environment through removal of large space debris objects, despite strong scientific consensus of its importance to the long-term sustainability of the space environment. The paper discusses the lack of progress on active debris removal in the context of broader public policy models and concepts, and identifies the lack of a U.S. federal agency with clear responsibility and authority to manage the space environment as a key constraint. It recommends that future executive and legislative action on space debris consider giving an existing, or new, federal entity clear authority over on-orbit space activities and responsibility for managing the space environment.
机译：自20世纪80年代末以来，美国国家空间政策越来越多地突出了处理空间碎片的重要性，并指导美国联邦机构采取具体行动来解决挑战。但是，策略方向的实施已被混合。本文概述了美国国家空间碎片的历史演变，包括空间碎片缓解，空间交通管理和拆除活性碎片。论文表明，虽然提高了美国政策制定者之间的空间碎片造成的威胁的意识，但采取了执行自愿碎片减缓准则的威胁，但通过删除大空间，对空间环境进行了几乎没有进展尽管对空间环境的长期可持续性的重要性，但碎片对象尽管有很强的科学共识。本文讨论了在更广泛的公共政策模型和概念的背景下缺乏积极碎片删除的进展，并确定了缺乏美国联邦机构，以明确的责任和管理局来管理空间环境作为一个关键约束。它建议将未来的执行和立法行动关于空间碎片考虑提供现有，新的联邦实体明确轨道空间活动和管理空间环境的责任。

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