In this paper, the optical fiber sensors detect multiple parameters or multiple components at the same time are studied. The optical fiber sensing system here could detect temperature and strain at the same time. To be used in different temperature range, the temperature sensors which detect temperature range from -40 °C to 300 °C based on fiber grating, below 800 °C based on long period grating and below 1800 °C based on the sapphire fiber have been presented respectively. The optical fiber used under 300 °C is polyimide coated and the fiber grating is annealed treatment. The fiber sensor which works below 800 °C is fabricated by a custom-made fiber taper machine. A structural grating is formed by repeatedly tapering. The temperature sensor detecting 1800 °C make use of Sapphire fiber based on the blackbody radiation. Following the development of aerospace industry, the rocket needs to load more weight and detect parameters distributed. The fiber sensors are applied in the field of structural health monitoring widely. Distributed fiber sensing system gives alarm when the structure under abnormal temperature or strain.
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