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COMPETITIONSGAMES AND PRIZES - MEANS FOR ADVANCED SPACE RESEARCH?

机译：竞赛和奖励-进行高级空间研究的手段？

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The traditional main mechanisms to advance science and technology in the space sector have recently been complemented by the use of competitions, prizes and games. Historically competitions and ex-ante prizes have played an important role among the tools of governments to stimulate innovation and advance science and technologies. Triggered by the success of the Ansari X-Prize in late 1990s / early 2000, these mechanisms have steadily gained grounds and supporters, also among governments. Scholarly literature on the effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages of these methods is emerging but still scarce. Most of the available scholarly literature assesses their impact based on US case studies and examples. The present paper provides a first analysis of these mechanisms and tools within the European Space Agency (ESA), based on three different areas: scientific research within its Advanced Concepts Team, business and innovation oriented competitions and prizes within the technology transfer programme and system level studies within the General Studies Programme. The ESA Advanced Concepts Team has experimented and used new ways of engaging with the larger scientific community via the use of scientific competitions, online games and scientific crowdsourcing experiments. The Technology Transfer programme uses challenges and prizes to engage with students, for businesses and entrepreneurs and to showcase successes and opportunities. Within the General Studies Programme, challenges and competitions are used to trigger early assessments of innovative systems and compare system-level solutions. The present papers presents an overview and analysis of these different methods, including results obtained with them during the past 8 years.
机译：最近，竞赛，奖品和游戏的使用补充了促进航天部门科学和技术发展的传统主要机制。从历史上看，竞赛和事前奖励在政府刺激创新和发展科学技术的工具中起着重要作用。在1990年代末/ 2000年初Ansari X-Prize取得成功的推动下，这些机制稳步赢得了政府的支持和支持。关于这些方法的有效性，优点和缺点的学术文献正在涌现，但仍然很少。现有的大多数学术文献都根据美国的案例研究和实例评估了它们的影响。本文基于三个不同领域对欧洲航天局（ESA）内的这些机制和工具进行了首次分析：其高级概念团队内的科学研究，面向技术和商业创新的竞赛以及技术转让计划和系统级的奖项通识教育课程内的学习。 ESA高级概念团队通过使用科学竞赛，在线游戏和科学众包实验，尝试并使用了与更大的科学界互动的新方法。技术转让计划利用挑战和奖励与学生，企业和企业家互动，并展示成功和机遇。在常识计划中，挑战和竞争被用来触发对创新系统的早期评估并比较系统级解决方案。本文对这些不同的方法进行了概述和分析，包括在过去8年中使用它们获得的结果。

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