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Pathways to childhood obesity: a deprivation amplification model and the overwhelming role of socioeconomic status

机译：儿童肥胖的途径：剥夺放大模型和社会经济地位的压倒性作用

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People of low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to live in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, where resources and facilities that might support healthy living are scarce, while harmful environmental aspects are abundant. Our aim was to analyse the associations between children's body mass index (BMI), children's sports activity (SA) and perceived environmental characteristics with the children's SES. The sample included 1885 children, aged 3-10 years, living in Coimbra, Portugal. Overweight and obesity were defined using age and sex-specific BMI cut-off points, as defined by International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). SA levels, SES and parental neighbourhood perceptions were assessed through questionnaires. Environmental data were reduced through a Principal Component Analysis for Categorical Data (CATPCA), and two neighbourhood dimensions were achieved. The independent associations of SES, the main predictor, with BMI, SA and perceived neighbourhood dimensions was analysed using ordered logistic regressions. Our results showed that children of low and medium SES were more likely to be obese than their high-SES peers, children from low and medium SES groups were less likely to participate in SA; parents of children from low and medium SES groups were less likely to have positive perceptions of their built environment. We concluded that low SES children are more obese, more sedentary and more likely to live in inadequate neighbourhoods, characterized by higher perceived risks. These findings show that the differential access to neighbourhood resources overlaps with familial socioeconomic disadvantage shaping patterns that are detrimental to children's health and wellbeing. Childhood obesity also results from a model of deprivation amplification that penalizes the most vulnerable children.
机译：社会经济地位低下的人更有可能生活在处境不利的社区，那里的资源和设施不足以维持健康的生活，而有害的环境因素却很丰富。我们的目的是分析儿童体重指数（BMI），儿童体育活动（SA）和感知的环境特征与儿童SES之间的关联。样本包括居住在葡萄牙科英布拉的1885名3-10岁的儿童。超重和肥胖是根据国际肥胖特别工作组（IOTF）的年龄和性别特定的BMI临界值定义的。通过问卷调查评估了SA水平，SES和父母邻里感。通过分类数据主成分分析（CATPCA）减少了环境数据，并实现了两个邻域维度。使用有序逻辑回归分析了主要预测指标SES与BMI，SA和感知的邻里维度的独立关联。我们的结果表明，SES中低级的儿童比高SES的儿童更容易肥胖，来自SES中低组的儿童参加SA的可能性更小。来自中低等SES组儿童的父母不太可能对自己的建筑环境有积极的看法。我们得出的结论是，SES较低的儿童更肥胖，久坐，并且更有可能居住在不足的社区中，其特征是较高的感知风险。这些发现表明，对邻里资源的不同获取与不利于儿童健康和福祉的家族性社会经济劣势塑造模式重叠。儿童肥胖症也源于对最脆弱的儿童进行惩罚的贫困放大模型。

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